自我暗示放鬆訓練對棒球選手心理資本及壓力調適的影響

Effects of Autogenic Relaxation training on Psychological Capital and Stress Adjustment of Baseball Players

周雅婕(Ya-Chieh Zhou) ； 劉淑燕(Suyen Liu) ； 洪寶蓮(Bao-Lien Hung)

《中正體育學刊》 14期 (2022/06) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.30093/CCPEJ.202206_(14).0001

摘要

國人對棒球運動比賽極為關注，然而選手承受的壓力日益沉重，在體能與技術勢均力敵下，選手的心理素質，往往是比賽獲勝的關鍵。綜觀文獻，高心理資本的個體能承受挑戰和變革，從逆境走向順境，從順境走向更大的成就，且心理資本能增進動機和持續不懈的努力，是可以被開發和訓練的心理優勢。自我暗示是一種放鬆法，透過自我暗示訓練，能提升個體的心理資本及減輕其壓力，更能放鬆身心的去面對挑戰。目的：探討自我暗示放鬆訓練對棒球選手心理資本及壓力指數的影響。方法：本研究對33名職棒選手進行自我暗示放鬆訓練，並以舒壓儀及心理資本量表來檢測自我暗示放鬆訓練前、後，職棒選手的生、心理變化。結果：棒球選手在進行自我暗示放鬆訓練前，平均的壓力指數高達107.24，心率平均數為78.6，在自我暗示放鬆訓練後壓力值下降到了82.84，心率則下降到75.8，以成對樣本t檢定進行統計分析，心率及壓力值在自我暗示放鬆訓練介入後顯著降低；在心理資本的部分，原本各項的表現落在70.1%～83.2%之間，從得分高到低，依序為希望、樂觀、復原力及自我效能，在自我暗示放鬆訓練介入後，運動員的心理資本提高到89%～92.8%，四個分量都有提升至少10個百分點。值得一提的是在自我暗示放鬆訓練介入前得分最低的自我效能，在介入後提升了21個百分點，顯示心理資本在自我暗示放鬆訓練介入後顯著提昇。選手們訓練後的心得感想也都相當的正面。本研究結果可作為棒球專項心理技能訓練的參考，藉此提升棒球選手在比賽的成績表現。

關鍵字

自我暗示 ； 心理資本 ； 壓力 ； 生理回饋

並列摘要

Introduction: Taiwanese pay great attention to baseball games, but the pressure on the baseball players is tremendous. With equivalent levels of physical fitness and skills, the psychological quality of athletes is often the key to winning the game. The literature has shown individuals with high psychological capital are able to withstand challenges and changes, from adversity to prosperity, and from prosperity to achieve greater accomplishments. Psychological capital can enhance motivation and unremitting efforts, which is an advantage that can be developed and trained. Autogenic training is one kind of relaxation technique. Through autogenic training individuals can improve their psychological capital and reduce their stress to face challenges. Purpose To explore the effect of autogenic relaxation training on the psychological capital and stress index of baseball players. Methods: This study conducted autogenic relaxation technique on 33 professional baseball players, and used a stress meter and a psychological capital scale to detect the physical and psychological performance of professional baseball players before and after training. Research tools included Psychological Capital Scale and an eureka pressure meter. Results: The results have shown that the average stress index of baseball players was 107.24 and the average heart rate was 78.6 before the autogenic relaxation training. After the autogenic relaxation training the average of stress index and heart rate both dropped to 82.84 and 75.8 respectively. Statistical analysis by paired t test showed that the heart rate and stress values were significantly lower after the intervention of autogenic relaxation training. In Psychological Capital Scale, the performance of each dimension originally falls between 70.1% and 83.2%, from high to low, in order of hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy. After the intervention of autogenic relaxation training it has increased to 89%~92.8%, and each dimension increased by at least 10%. It is worth mentioning that the self-efficacy was the lowest score before the intervention of autogenic relaxation training has increased by 21% after the intervention, indicating that psychological capital was significantly improved after the intervention of autogenic relaxation training. The feedback from the players after training was also quite positive. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the psychological skills training on baseball players, so as to improve their performance in baseball game.

並列關鍵字

autogenic ； psychological capital ； Stress ； Biofeedback