馬來西亞華族舞之淺析與深思

在馬來西亞成立超過半個世紀的今天，「華族舞」的名稱與範疇依然深具爭議性，從如何詮釋「Chinese dance」便能看出個人的主觀情結如何牽引著詮釋者對自己的身份認同和文化意識。解讀馬來西亞華族舞蹈概念更像是在拆解大馬華人個體對於國家、祖籍、體制、政策和世局認知的情意結。華族舞蹈概念所承載的不僅僅是華人社會的文化抱負，也是華人在不同的時代背景下與自己多重身份認同進行對話的結果，舞蹈表演成了華人社會連接文化想像的工具，而這文化想像往往超越了舞蹈的歷史和身體現實。本文以馬來西亞華族舞蹈為研究對象，從華族舞的文化與歷史形成探討其譯名、屬性認知與舞彙的適切性，並透過華人意識、族群文化和舞蹈身體概念三方面來剖析華人舞蹈的束縛與契機。針對所歸結的華族舞蹈窘境，本文也梳理出採用「hua zu wu」拼音翻譯、認識「華族舞」概念的多面性與華族舞創作須融合國族意識的必要。透過對「華族舞」概念的剖析和重新詮釋，從而審視華人舞蹈身體與在地空間的關係，豐富身體的話語機會。

關鍵字

華族舞； hua zu wu ；華人文化意識；族群認同；舞蹈語彙

並列摘要

The terminology of ＂華族舞＂ (dance of ethnic Chinese, romanised as hua zu wu) has been controversial in its scope and implication in Chinese Malaysian society since the formation of Malaysia. How ＂Chinese dance＂ has been intepreted reveals the subjective complexity of identity, tied to Chinese Malaysian individual's perception and awareness towards cultural roots. Reading the dance of Chinese Malaysian requires unpacking the subject's complex cognition of nation, ancestry, systems, policies, and present situation. Thus, cultural dance appears as a dialogical result between Chinese Malaysians and their multiple identities under various eras; and conveys the cultural aspirations of the Chinese society, instrumentalizing dance performance as cultural imaginations that surpass the history and corporeality of dance. Through studying the cultural and historical roots of hua zu wu, this article explores practical topics such as the appropriateness of its translation, recognition of its attribution, and the relevancy of the dance movements representing Chinese Malaysian identities. It further identifies the dance's constraint and possibilities from perspectives of Chinese consciousness, ethnicity, and the dance anthropology. The study of ＂what is hua zu wu＂ can more observably begins by exploring ＂what is not hua zu wu＂. Apropos the dilemmas, this article recognises the necessities of using the romanised ＂hua zu wu＂ to better depict the versatility of or multiple layers within the concept, and the embodiment of national consciousness in the creation of hua zu wu. Through the analysis and reinterpretation of 'hua zu wu' concept, the relationship between the corporeal body and the local space can be examined, thus enriching the discursive dialogue for the body of Chinese Malaysian.