大專運動教練轉型領導與運動員無動機之關係：基本心理需求的中介效果

Relationships between transformational leadership and amotivation in college athletes: The mediation of basic psychological needs

黃丹臨(Tan-Lin Huang) ； 季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

《運動表現期刊》 5卷2期 (2018/12) Pp. 67-73

https://doi.org/10.3966/240996512018120502003

摘要

緒論：本研究目的在探討大專運動教練的轉型領導行為、運動員的基本心理需求的滿足與運動員無動機之間的關係，並檢視基本心理需求對大專運動教練領導行為和運動員無動機間的中介效果。方法：本研究參與者為164名國內大專院校甲組運動代表隊之運動員（男＝81人，女＝83人），平均年齡約為20歲。本研究採用問卷調查法，經受試者同意後，請選手填寫教練轉型領導行為量表、自主性量表、勝任感量表、關係感量表和無動機量表。結果：大專運動教練轉型領導行為、自主性、勝任感和關係感之間皆呈正相關。同時發現大專運動教練轉型領導行為、自主性、勝任感和關係感與運動員無動機呈負相關。最後以徑路分析檢驗基本心理需求對教練轉型領導和運動員無動機之中介效果，結果顯示教練轉型領導會透過自主性和勝任感預測運動員無動機。結論：本研究結果大致符合研究假設，惟關係感未能中介轉型領導與運動員無動機。建議大專運動教練可多展現轉型領導行為，以提升運動員自主性及勝任感，進而降低運動員無動機。

關鍵字

自主性 ； 勝任感 ； 關係感 ； 競技運動

並列摘要

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformational leadership behavior of college sports coaches, the relatedness between athletes' satisfaction of basic psychological needs and their amotivation, and to examine the effect of basic psychological needs on the leadership behaviors of college sports coaches and amotivated athletes. Methods: Participants in the study were 164 athletes (male = 81, female = 83) from the Group A college sport teams. The average age was about 20 years old. In this study, a questionnaire survey was used. After acquiring the subject's consent, the contestant was asked to fill in the coaching transformational leadership behavior scale, autonomy scale, competence scale, relatedness scale and no motivation scale. Results：There was a positive correlation between transformational leadership behavior, autonomy, competence, and relatedness among college sports coaches. The transition leadership behavior, sense of autonomy, sense of competence, and sense of relatedness among college athletic coaches are negatively correlated with athletes' amotivation. The analysis of the basic psychological needs of the coaches to determine the mediating effect of coaching transformational leadership and athletes' amotivation. The results showed that coach transformational leaders predict athletes' amotivation through autonomy and competence. Conclusions: The results of this study are generally consistent with the research hypothesis, but the relatedness has not been able to mediate transformational leaders and athletes without motivation. It is suggested that college sports coaches can demonstrate more transformational leadership behavior in order to increase athletes' autonomy and competence and thus reduce athletes' amotivation.

並列關鍵字

autonomy ； competence ； relatedness ； sport

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