探討中高齡者休閒活動之心流經驗

基於時下年輕人的不婚、晚婚等種種因素，不論在東方或西方的國度裡，造成少子化現象，全球人口老化已經是全人類共同面對的議題。台灣的鄰近國家日本在人口老化問題上更是世界之冠。依據內政部統計，2019年台灣65歲以上人口已超過總人口14%，台灣正式進入高齡社會。從社會人文關懷、或經濟效益角度來看，高齡者休閒相關產業鏈具有可遇見的願景。以上乃促進本研究設定族群以中高齡者為對象，研究探討其在休閒活動中的心流經驗與身心健康之相關。本研究以50歲以上民眾為對象，採用問卷調查方式，發放樣本數300份，回收272份。受訪者中男性共有77人、女性共有195人。研究結果顯示，t檢定呈現在BTOT休閒心流經驗總分中男性比女性高分，達顯著差異水準；而教育程度與CTOT身心健康總分的分析結果則未達顯著水準；在家庭經濟主要來源與身心健康的t檢定，以CTOT身心健康量表總分結果得知「不是家庭經濟主要來源」比「是家庭經濟主要來源」者高分，但是t值檢定結果呈現無明顯的顯著差異；此外，在身體對生活之干擾中，「是家庭經濟主要來源」者比「不是家庭經濟主要來源」者最高分，其t值達顯著性；另外在不利健康因應行為中，「不是家庭經濟主要來源」的填表人比「是家庭經濟主要來源」的填表人高分，其t值達顯著差異。綜合而言，本研究藉由職務與心流經驗變異數分析，四組樣本中知行合一之心流經驗，其F值相互達顯著性差異。

關鍵字

高齡者；休閒；心流經驗；身心健康

並列摘要

Various reasons such as young people not getting married or getting married late have led to a low birth rate in both eastern and western countries and rendered global population aging a common challenge faced by the human race. Japan, a country near Taiwan, has the worst populating aging problem in the world. According to statistics from the Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C., the population of 65 years old or older in Taiwan in 2019 has exceeded 14% of the total population, officially making Taiwan an aged society. From the perspective of social, humanitarian concerns or economic benefit, the recreation industry chain for older-adults may prosper in the foreseeable future. Therefore, this study selected middle-aged and older adults as research participants to discuss the relationship between their flow experience during recreation activities and their physical and mental health. This study recruited people aged 50 years old or older as participants and conducted a questionnaire survey. A total of 300 questionnaire copies were distributed, and 272 of them were returned. Among the participants, 77 were men and 195 were women. The t test results showed that men scored a significantly higher total score (BTOT) than did women in the recreation flow experience. By contrast, the physical and mental health total score (CTOC) was not significantly different among people of different educational levels. Regarding the t test on being the primary provider of their family and physical and mental health, participants who were not the primary provider of a family scored higher physical and mental health total score (CTOC) than did those who were, but the difference, according to t test result, was not statistically significant. With respect to the score of life interruptions caused by physical conditions, participants who were the primary provider of their family had higher than did those who were not, and the difference was significant according to the t value. As for coping behaviors that were bad for health, participants who were not the primary provider of their family scored higher than did those who were, and the t value indicated a significant difference. According to an analysis of variance on occupation and flow experience, the four groups of participants exhibited significantly different flow experience of action-awareness merging according to the F value.