墾丁國家公園區域內公墓景觀評估之研究

The Study of Evaluations of Public Cemetery Landscape in Kenting National Park

楊國柱 ； 吳貞儀

《屏東文獻》 17期 (2013/12) Pp. 301-342

摘要

墾丁國家公園區域內現存公墓並無妥善規劃使用，在民眾對於殯葬設施的忌諱與嫌惡尚未袪除之前，老舊公墓之存在，確實會妨礙視覺觀瞻，影響觀光遊憩品質及生態資源發展，因此，公墓處理之課題益顯重要。為研擬公墓景觀之改善構想，首先，依德爾菲分析濾定出敏感性〔Sensitivity〕、美學性〔Esthetics〕、開放度〔Openness〕、自然性〔Nature〕、視覺接受度〔Visual Acceptability〕、完整性〔Intactness〕等六個景觀評估因子。其次，採景觀評估模式，運用傳統與模糊〔Fuzzy〕二種分析比較，結果顯示〔1〕專家小組與非專家受訪者們對於六個景観評估因子的重要程度經實證排序有差異；〔2〕四組的景觀圖片中，A組的總體模糊平均數與總體傳統平均數有所差異，顯示A組的景觀感受反應的結果具有不確定性；〔3〕惟經由總體評分與衝擊排序的比較，確定四組適當的排序由大至小為A組、B組、D組，及C組。最後，經由實地訪談的結果，按景觀衝擊程度不同而研提公墓環境改善構想，A級因景觀影響極大，改善構想為遷葬，清理後的現址將朝綠地方向規劃；B級景觀影響較小，僅門面景觀改善及景觀綠美化即可；C及D級景觀影響極小，且尚須考量公墓土地使用狀況及區域位置的偏僻性，分別為保持現狀、公墓更新及公園化等改善構想，此可提供墾丁國家公園管理單位處理公墓的參考。

關鍵字

公墓 ； 景觀評估 ； 模糊邏輯

並列摘要

In existence public cemeteries in Kenting National Park are not well-arranged. As people having taboos and abhorrence with regard to funeral and interment installations, the existence of old cemeteries indeed obstruct vision and appearances which influence the quality of tourism and the development of ecological resources. Nevertheless, it is important topic to cope with these cemeteries. In order to draft improvement conceptions of cemetery landscape, first, according to Delphi Analysis, this study decide six factors of landscape estimate, including sensitivity, esthetics, openness, nature, visual acceptability and intactness. Secondly, this study adopts landscape evaluation modes to make use of tradition and fuzzy analyses and comparisons. It results that: (1) it has differences after the empirical sorting of the group of experts and non-experts narrators with regard to the degree of importance of six factors of landscape estimate; (2) among four groups landscape pictures, it has differences in Group A between its total fuzzy average and total tradition average which reveals the result of Group A, s feeling and reaction have uncertainty; (3) via comparisons of total grading and impact sorting, it decides four optimal sort from large to small: A, B, D, and C. Finally, by way of the interview result, this paper drafts the environment improvement conceptions of the public cemeteries according to the landscape impact degree. The landscape influence is enormous in Group A, the improvement conception is to change burial sites. After cleaning up the sites, plan them toward green space direction. The landscape influence is smaller than A in Group B, the improvement conception is to green and beautify the facade of the public cemeteries. The landscape influence is smallest in Group C and D, the improvement conception is to maintain present situation, or to renew and garden the public cemeteries.

並列關鍵字

Public Cemetery ； Scenic Evaluation ； Fuzzy Logic