This article mainly describes in the early days of the Japanese colonial ruling Taiwan, based on the need of the ruling indigenous peoples, through medical effects to promote its colonial rule. The beginning and the end of the period began in 1895 with Japanese rule until 1915. The main body of the description is the indigenous peoples who lived in the mountain. In the administrative division of the Governor's Office of Taiwan, it belonged to the "special administrative region." Medical treatment and hygiene were regarded by the Japanese as part of the colonial ruling policy. It was a soft ruling mean, and its purpose was to promote stability in the rule. For Taiwan indigenous peoples, they gained medical effects from Western medicine, in the same time, Japanese colonizers gained their trust.