探析南歐國家毒品防治政策與成效

A Research on Policies and Effects of Drug Prevention in Southern European Countries

張秉閎(Ping-Hung Chang) ； 王憶如(Yi-Ju Wang)

《藥物濫用防治》 7卷1期 (2022/06) Pp. 55-71

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202206_7(1).3

摘要

位處於南歐伊比利半島的西班牙與葡萄牙鄰近地中海和大西洋，沿岸線綿延數千公里，因此成為北非和拉丁美洲販毒集團走私毒品進入歐洲市場的過境國。西葡兩國國內毒品氾濫嚴重，全國約三分之一人口至少使用過一次毒品。近年來兩國致力於毒品防治相關政策，使得毒品使用率、犯罪率和死亡率等皆有所減少。西班牙以刑法政策為主，國內緝捕販毒罪犯高於周遭國家，對個人持有法定5天劑量毒品者，經法院審理可能判處無罪，但也造成額外的司法負擔；葡萄牙在毒品除罪化之後，刑法主要規範販毒者，吸毒者個人持有法定10天劑量毒品者，施以行政措施或醫療服務，全面的政策落實和社會的協助，使毒品相關問題獲得改善。本論文透過文獻分析法、歷史研究法和比較分析法，探討西班牙與葡萄牙販毒罪之變革以及毒品防治措施，並探析兩國政策實施的成效，期能藉此研究結果提供台灣毒品防治之參考。

關鍵字

南歐 ； 西班牙 ； 葡萄牙 ； 毒品防治政策 ； 毒品除罪化 ； 防治成效

並列摘要

Spain and Portugal, located on the Iberian Peninsula in southern Europe, adjoin the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and the coastline stretches for thousands of kilometers, which have become transit countries for the drug cartels from North Africa and Latin America to Europe for drug smuggling. There is a serious problem of drug use in Spain and Portugal, and about a third of the population of two countries have used at least once. In recent years, the two countries are engaged in drug prevention and policy, which have reduced the rate of drug use, the crime rate, and the death rate. Spain is mainly based on criminal law policies. The domestic arrest of drug criminals is higher than other EU's countries. For the person who has the legal 5-day dose of drugs, they may be acquired by the court. But it still also causes extra judicial burdens. After the decriminalization of drugs in Portugal, the criminal law mainly focus on drug traffickers, drug addicts who have legal 10-day doses of drugs, offer them administrative measures or medical services. By comprehensive policy implementation and social assistance, drug-related problems improved. Through the method of data analysis and historical research, it discusses the reform of drug trafficking crimes and measures against drugs in Spain and Portugal. And analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of the two countries' policies, hoping to use the research results to provide suggestion for anti-drug policy in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Southern Europe ； Spain ； Portugal ； Drug Prevention Policy ； Drugs Decriminalization ； Preventive Effectiveness