闡論老子柔道之精義

老子之道博大精深，上自天道下至人事，可謂無所不包。其學出於《易經》，加上個人敏銳的觀察與深刻的體會，發為區區五千言，遂成一派獨特學說，在中國歷史上形成非常深遠的影響。若以孔、老來做比較，孔子可說是從人生的正面立論，那老子就可說是從人生的反面立論；一論事理之當然，是為人處世的平實道理；一論事理之所以然，是為人處世的最高原理。其思想表面上彷彿相反，其實骨子裏卻是相同。若從絕對之真理上來看，則可謂相反而相成。一代聖賢，發憤論說，無非是為了拯救斯土斯民。通常，正言之優勢就在容易被理解與接受，但也容易導致疲乏怠惰。而反言則易於陷入窒礙難行之地。這也是老子之道常被誤會曲解的所在。但如果能剖析清楚，則反言往往鞭辟入裏警人更深收效更大。本文寫作之目的即在寄望普羅大眾能夠重新認識老子之道，假以時日，自能領會其真髓而欣然接納。文中先行確認老子其人其書之實在，再論其柔道思想之淵源與理論基礎，並暢論內聖外王運用柔道之成效。柔弱，是天道，也是人道。它非但不是消極無為，反而是無限積極，無為而無不為。這才是可以利益眾生無有缺失的道。這才是真強處上的道。

關鍵字

老子；無；有；道；德；柔弱

並列摘要

The way of Laozi remains broad and profound, concerning not only the way of Haven, but also the way of the human world. The spirit of his wisdom stems primarily from the Book of Changes or Yijing. However, with his sharp observations and deep comprehension, he worked out an essay of five-thousand words, called Daodejing. The unique wisdom embodied in this book induces undeniably great impacts on the Chinese history. To properly understand Laozi, we must first of all take him as a counterpart of Confucius. Both look at the same human world but in different dimensions. While Confucius focuses on the practical side, Laozi on its reverse side. One presents appropriate rightness of ordinary human affairs, the other pints out its underlying roughness in practical contexts. The alertness to this roughness leads Laozi to turn to Nature which is subtly penetrated by the principle of submission. He finds out that while adhering to the highest principle of submission, one can deal with every context more detouredly and more delicately. In a sense, both Confucius' and Laouzi's thoughts seem apparently contradictory to each other. They are in fact only two sides of the same coin, paradoxically complementary to each other, thus both eventually credited as great saints in the Chinese mind. As a counterpart to Confucius, Laozi indeed carries an unique writing style very hard to understand. Usually an argument from the front can immediately grasp people's mind, but it tends to gradually lose its freshness and power as time goes on. In contrast, an argument from the reverse side may, at the first sight, seem to overwhelm people with entire bewilderment to the degree of total misunderstanding and even to the degree of giving up any attempt to carry it out in real life. Through careful and clear analysis, however, such kind of difficult argument will reveal its true face and demonstrate its extremely fascinating and long-lasting power. The present paper is aimed at unveiling the ambiguities of the Way of Loazi in order to tactfully grasp its vital spirit. In the first place, I demonstrate the historical evidences of Laozi as a real person and Daodejing as his real work. I will then proceed to observe how Laozi's wisdom centers around the principle of submission, which has its historical origin and theoretical basis. Above all, the Chinese history already testifies marvelous fruits of how people did make use of the principle of submission in both cultivating the inner sacredness and in ruling over the outer world as well. In other words, the principle of submission penetrates the way of Haven and the way of the human world. It cannot be understood simply as the negative of giving up any actions but mainly as the unlimited positive of letting things take their natural course. Undoubtedly, while following the principle of submission, we can always get benefits from whatever situations we may encounter. To become either a true hero or a great ruler, one cannot depart himself from this peerless Way of Laozi.

並列關鍵字

Laozi ； Non-Existence(the Nameless) ； Existence(the Named) ； Dao(Way) ； De(Virtue) ； submission

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闡論老子柔道之精義

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