蘇力菌與其他農藥混合對小菜蛾及斜紋夜蛾的生物活性影響評估

Assessing the Effects of Mixing Bacillus thuringiensis with other Pesticides on the Biological Activities of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura

胡斐婷(Fei-Ting Hu) ； 郭雪(Sheueh Kuo) ； 曾經洲(Ching-Chou Tzeng)

《臺灣農藥科學》 4期 (2018/06) Pp. 21-36

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS/2018.004.02

摘要

現今農業政策以安全農業、永續經營為重點，微生物藥劑逐漸被更多農民所使用，於研發上也有顯著進展，微生物藥劑專一性高，較化學藥劑安全，對人畜、天敵和有益生物無害，也可以和化學藥劑搭配，使用於綜合管理上，降低化學農藥使用量。本研究探討蘇力菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)產品與化學農藥混合使用之生物活性，期能減少化學藥劑的使用量。試驗以田間推薦濃度之庫斯蘇力菌(Bt kurstaki)、鮎澤蘇力菌(Bt aizawai)分別與推薦濃度或1/2或1/4量之化學殺蟲劑、殺菌劑或微生物藥劑混合，測試個別藥劑與混合劑對小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的生物活性，評估混合作用之毒效區分。於庫斯蘇力菌與有機磷殺蟲劑混合使用或乳劑劑型之化學殺蟲劑混合使用，結果顯示不論化學殺蟲劑是否減半，其共同毒效均屬拮抗作用，不建議混合使用；蘇力菌在與非乳劑劑型之化學殺蟲劑（合成除蟲菊類、新類尼古丁類、抗生素類或胺基甲酸鹽類）混合處理小菜蛾幼蟲的結果，不論化學藥劑是否減半與蘇力菌混合，其混合毒效區分多數屬獨立或少數協力作用，表示二者混合無不良影響，可混合使用，但化學藥劑之貢獻不大，其主要效果還是來自蘇力菌，因此不建議混合使用。蘇力菌與化學殺菌劑之混合試驗，亦顯示蘇力菌與乳劑劑型之化學殺菌劑混合使用，其毒效結果比單獨使用蘇力菌差。在鮎澤蘇力菌與化學藥劑的混合處理斜紋夜蛾幼蟲的結果，顯示蘇力菌較化學藥劑殺蟲效果更佳，但混合化學藥劑有加速殺蟲之效果。因此，實施植物病蟲害防治時，若主要的對象只是鱗翅類害蟲，建議僅使用蘇力菌即可達到良好的防治效果。尤其是有機磷殺蟲劑、乳劑劑型化學藥劑與蘇力菌混合使用，依目前之結果顯示拮抗作用，因此在使用上應多加斟酌考量，排除與蘇力菌同時混合使用。

關鍵字

蘇力菌 ； 共同毒效係數 ； 藥劑混合 ； 拮抗作用 ； 獨立作用 ； 協力作用

並列摘要

Current agricultural policy primarily focuses on safety and sustainability. Significant progress has been made in the development of microbial agents, and these agents are increasingly employed by farmers. Microbial agents are less dangerous and more specific than chemical pesticides, and furthermore, these agents are harmless to humans, animals, natural enemies of pests, and beneficial organisms. Microbial agents can also be used in conjunction with chemical pesticides to (1) reduce the amount of chemical pesticide that is required to protect agricultural crops and (2) achieve more comprehensive crop management. The current study focused on developing methods by which B. thuringiensis can be mixed with chemical pesticides. In so doing, our goal was to reduce chemical pesticide use while still ensuring that crops are sufficiently protected. For this, recommended concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bta) and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) were used, and microbial agents were mixed with chemical insecticides (applied at the full label recommended concentration or at half or a quarter of this concentration), chemical fungicides, or other common microbial agents. Co-toxicity of mixtures involving B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki E911 and chemical insecticides (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, avermectins, milbemycins, or carbamates) used full or half-recommended concentration to P. xylostella were independent effect or synergistic effect. This indicates that mixing B. thuringiensis with the aforementioned chemical insecticides did not lead to adverse effects. However, when B. thuringiensis was mixed with organophosphate or chemical insecticides (at full or half recommended concentration) that contained emulsifiable concentrates, antagonistic effects were observed; therefore, B. thuringiensis should not be mixed with these compounds. In contrast, mixing B. thuringiensis with chemical fungicides that contained emulsifiable concentrates yielded a mixture that was less toxic than was B. thuringiensis alone. This suggests that, if the primary pests only belong to the order Lepidoptera, strong control can be achieved when only B. thuringiensis is used.

並列關鍵字

Bacillus thuringiensis ； co-toxicity coefficient ； pesticide mixture ； antagonistic effect ； independent effect ； synergistic effect