臺灣當代博物館建築形式與博物館文化治理變遷歷程探討

歷史性地來看，戰後臺灣長期缺乏明確的博物館文化政策，但興建或發展博物館事務的文化治理實踐卻並未稍歇。建築符號與象徵為社會文化歷史作用的表徵，其空間生產過程同時在物質、社會實踐與想像層次運作，有助於解析社會變遷與各種動態角力關係。文化治理的概念則欲強調透過再現、象徵、表意系統的運作與鬥爭之權力操作和資源分配，來檢視政府政策與管制、市民社會的施為與治理組織網絡化的複雜狀態。本文試圖提出的假設是，將博物館建築視為承載了文化治理軌跡的物質性存在，藉由分析各個時期不同博物館建築文化形式的表徵，揭顯不同歷史階段之意識型態如何透過空間文化形式作用於博物館建築，作為博物館機構的自我表徵，且凸顯銘刻於其上的文化治理軌跡，以及作用其上的社會變遷歷程。經由對臺灣各個文化政策歷史階段之博物館建築形式的歷時性分析，於拼湊翻找史料與重新詮釋歷史演進之間，博物館建築或許可以提供一個詮釋與想像博物館文化政策的角度與物質性基礎。

關鍵字

博物館建築；文化治理；文化政策；建築符號學；博物館史

並列摘要

Historically speaking, there have been no clear cultural policies for museums in Taiwan following World War II. However, the practices of cultural governance in the construction and development of museums have not receded. Architectural symbols are the characteristics of social and cultural history. Meanwhile, the process of the production of space involves aspects of materials, social practices and imagination, which help to analyze social change and its dynamics. The concepts of cultural governance emphasize that through the use of representations, symbols, system of significance and the struggle for power and resources, the complexity between government policies and regulations, as well as the agency and networking of civil society, can be viewed. The aim of this article is to analyze museum architecture as the material base and conveyor of trajectories of cultural governance. The cultural form of museum architecture is analyzed over different time periods to reveal how different historical ideologies have impacted museum architecture. Moreover, how museum self reflection has been manifested in the inscription of the trajectories of cultural governance and led to social change is discussed. That is, through a historical review of museum architecture, the author intends to develop an approach for interpreting the evolution of museum cultural policies and their material base.