台灣電影政策與金馬獎的設立（1949-1987）

Taiwan's Film Policy and Establishment of Golden Horse Awards(1949-1987)

陳景峯(Chen,Ching-Feng)

《全人教育集刊》 5期 (2020/06) Pp. 62-89

https://doi.org/10.6689/BHE.202006_(5).0003

摘要

電影是經濟與文化的產物，經濟上需要資金的挹注，文化上又牽涉到意識型態的灌輸，尤其身處戒嚴時期的台灣，官方的電影政策更是主宰電影產業的發展。因此本論文〈台灣電影政策與金馬獎的設立（1949-1987）〉，意圖闡釋在戰後台灣社會環境下，電影政策與「金馬獎」電影獎項的施行，官方所欲形塑的意識型態與政治目的為何。本文分從兩大主軸論述，首先分析戰後台灣官營電影產業獨占市場的因由，進而探討為配合「文化清潔運動」、「戰鬥文藝」與「文化復興運動」等文化政策，致使電影政策制定的過程與內容。論文論述第二主軸，探討為促進電影政策的推行，官方開始重視電影輔導的機制，文化局、新聞局與各片廠在1959年制定「獎勵國語片辦法」，此為台灣電影獎勵的濫觴，且「金馬獎」繼而籌辦。最終將探討「金馬獎」的頒發，其精神要義與彰顯文化政令的功能。在史料的運用上，利用「教育部第二檔案館」的檔案資料與「國民黨文工會」的檔案，論證戰後政府壟斷台灣電影市場，施行電影政策與設立「金馬獎」的用意。另外在反應的官方意識主流操控的論述上，將參酌「影視史學」、「文化研究」與「新文化史」三項學理的論點，予以佐釋。綜觀而論，論文屬意戰後台灣電影文化政策的支配性，在黨國文化的價值規範下，「金馬獎」設立舉行，如何強化官方思想價值的形塑，是本文所欲探討的重點。

關鍵字

電影政策 ； 「金馬獎」 ； 台灣電影產業 ； 文化復興運動 ； 「電化教育」

並列摘要

The film is the product of economic and cultural. The film needs capital investment of economic and ideological indoctrination of culture. Especially, the official film policy is dominated by the film industry in the period of martial law in Taiwan,. Therefore, this paper ＂Taiwan's Film Policy and Establishment of Golden Horse Awards (1949-1987)＂ intends to explain the purposes of official ideology and politics shaping by film policy and establishment of Golden Horse Awards during the post-war in Taiwan. This paper is separated two argumentations. First, the purpose of official film industry monopolized the market during the post-war in Taiwan was analyzed, and the process and content of film policy formulation in order to coordinate the cultural policy, such as ＂Cultural Cleansing Campaign＂, ＂Combat Arts＂, and ＂Cultural Renaissance＂, was also discussed in this paper. The second spindle of this paper is to explore the official starting to focus on movies counseling to the implementation of policies to promote the film. The incentives for Taiwan's films and Golden Horse Awards held was started in 1959 which frmulated ＂Incentives for Outstanding Mandarin Film＂ by Department of Cultural Affairs, GIO, and film companies. Finally, spiritual essence and highlight the cultural decree function of Golden Horse Awards was also explored. Historical file data from ＂ The Second Archives of the Ministry of Education＂ and ＂KMT Union＂ was used to demonstrate government monopoly Taiwan film market during the post-war and the implementation of film policies and the establishment of the ＂Golden Horse Awards＂. Reacting to manipulation of official discourse on mainstream consciousness was discussed by referring to three theoretical arguments, ＂Film Historian＂, ＂Cultural Studies＂ and ＂New Cultural History＂. As above, the points of this paper was explored to how ＂Golden Horse Awards＂ held to strengthen the value of shaping the official ideology by Taiwan film dominant cultural policies and cultural values in the party-state norms during the post-war in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Film Policy ； Golden Horse awards ； Taiwan Film Industry ； Cultural Renaissance ； Mass-Media-Based Education