京房《易》災異理論探微

Exploring Jing Fang's Anomaly Theory on the Yi jing

張書豪(Chang Shu-Hao)

《成大中文學報》 57期 (2017/06) Pp. 1-3+5-37

摘要

本文耙梳《漢書》相關材料，探討京房（前77-前37）《易》災異理論，特別是《周易》經傳、卦氣、雜占的相互關係。首先發現經傳與雜占的結合，主要在取象的根據和方法。其根據除〈十翼〉外，更廣及《左傳》古筮、明堂月令說、洪範五行說；而其方法亦在經文、爻位、卦象外，進一步求諸十二消息卦、互體等象數理論。至於卦氣對雜占的影響，主要在災異的推說過程。其形態亦有二：一是只看自然季候是否符合卦氣所述，以陰陽變化推測人事禍福，不必旁涉雜占立說。二是卦氣、雜占複合的推說形式：卦氣負責建構自然時節的正常狀態，以警示異象發生；雜占用於解釋致災原因，預測事件發展。此外，亦考察以往對京房災異的兩種說法，辨明均非西漢京房《易》災異的推論本法。

關鍵字

京房 ； 谷永 ； 郎顗 ； 卦氣 ； 漢書五行志

並列摘要

Following reading of materials related to the Book of Han in-depth, we explored Jing Fang's anomaly theory derived from the Yi jing, in which comprise the interactive relationship between the Yi jing, the hexagram-solar cycle relation, and miscellaneous divinations. We found that the combination of the Yi jing and miscellaneous divinations is primarily determined by the sources and methods by which hexagrams are constructed. In addition to the Ten Wings, the sources involve the antique divinations of Zuo Zhuan, theory of Ming Tang Yue Ling, and theory of Hong Fan Wu Xing. The methods include the Yi jing, the position of lines, hexagrams, and xiang shu theories such as twelve hexagrams of growth and decline and interlocking hexagrams (huti). The influence of the hexagram-solar cycle relation on miscellaneous divinations is explained in the inference process of anomalies in two methods. Firstly, observing whether the natural climate conforms to the hexagram-solar cycle relation. Changes between yin and yang are employed to infer human fortunes without miscellaneous divinations. Secondly, the hexagram-solar cycle relation is integrated with miscellaneous divinations. In association with the construction of normal states in natural seasons, the hexagram-solar cycle relation warns people of anomalies; miscellaneous divinations are used to explain the cause of disasters and forecast the development of incidents. Moreover, after examining two commentaries of Jing Fang's anomaly theories, we found that neither were Jing Fang's Anomaly Rules on the Yi jing.

並列關鍵字

Jing Fang ； Gu Yong ； Lang Yi ； hexagram-solar cycle relation ； Five Elements Record in the Book of Han

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