調查官職權行使法理論與實務之研究

The Study of Theory and Practice of Investigation Officer Power Exercise Act

徐國楨(Kuo-Chen Hsu)

《刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集》 20集 (2017/11) Pp. 15-39

https://doi.org/10.6482/ECPCR.201711.0002

摘要

法律定分止爭，實現公平正義，維護人民權益。調查官之執法，係公權力展現，應具法律授權，律定執法準則，方符依法行政。實質正當程序，彰顯人權價值，不當執法結果，非僅侵害人權，更是民主倒退。刑事追訴發動，須依法定程序，蒐取不法事證，應經合法調查，確保證據能力，藉以認定事實，而能發現真實。調查官調查權，搜索扣押詢問，攸關人權保障。為使程序合法，應制定職權法，俾行使調查權，符合法定程序。透過文獻分析，調查局組織法，與作用法區辨，以刑事訴訟法，論調查官職權。實務判決案例，瞭解執法困境，探討現行權限，提出立法方向，明確執法法源，俾利遵循執行，獲取人民信賴。實務現況分析，調查官之權限，檢視執法依據，以刑事訴訟法、國家情報工作法、特種勤務條例、洗錢防制法、通訊保障及監察法、涉及國家安全或重大利益公務人員特殊查核辦法等特別法，探究作用對象，確定職權行使，應涵攝之範圍，凝聚法案共識，逐步建構法制。本文綜合分析，調查官職權法，其目的性結論，係明確調查權，確認調查範圍，執行調查程序，完備法律授權。確認所得證據，具有證據資格，有效追訴犯罪，實現程序正義，確保人民權益。

關鍵字

法務部調查局 ； 刑事訴訟法 ； 刑事偵查 ； 作用法 ； 調查官

並列摘要

The purpose of law is to settle differences and disputes, guarantee fairness and justice, and safeguard the rights and benefits of people. The law enforcement of investigation officer is the enforcement of public power, and it shall be expressly authorized by law and regulated with principles of law enforcement, which are the ways to guarantee the principle of administration by law. Substantive due process highlights the value of human rights; on the other hand, the results of improper law enforcement not only infringe upon human rights but also make democracy retrogress. The enforcement of criminal prosecution shall be made in accordance with legal procedures, and the evidences of illegal behaviors shall be collected through legal investigations to guarantee the evidence admissible, which can confirm the facts and find out the truth. Investigation officer’s investigation powers to search, seizure and interrogation are related to the protection of human rights. To make the procedures legal, Power Exercise Act shall be regulated to exercise the investigation power that complies with legal procedures. Through the analysis of literatures, the Study distinguished the Organic Act for Investigation Bureau from administrative function law, discussed the investigation officer power through the Code of Criminal Procedure, understood the dilemmas of enforcing law through practical judgments, researched the current powers and proposed strategies which can make the regulations of enforcing laws clear to follow and fulfill the due process. Through the analysis of the current practical situation, the Study reviewed the basis of law enforcement of investigation officer power and took the Code of Criminal Procedure, National Intelligence Service Law, Special Guard Service Act, Money Laundering Control Act, the Communication Security and Surveillance Act, Regulations Governing the Special Inspection of the Public Servants Involving in National Security or Substantial Interests and other special Acts as the researching objects, and then determined the scope of exercising power to cohere legislative consensus and gradually construct the legal system. Through integrated analysis, the Study showed that the purpose of the Investigation Officer Power Exercise Act is to make the investigation power clear, confirm the range of investigation, execute the process of investigation, make the legal authorization complete, confirm the obtained evidences, obtain the eligibility of evidence, prosecute crimes, achieve procedural justice and guarantee the rights and benefits of people.

並列關鍵字

Investigation Bureau ； Ministry of Justice ； the Code of Criminal Procedure ； criminal investigation ； administrative function laws ； investigation officer