從比較憲法視角探討中華民國之國家安全會議

Exploring the National Security Conference of ROC from the Perspective of Comparative Constitutional Law

楊明勳(Yang, Man-sion) ； 駱長毅(Lo, Chang-Yi)

《發展與前瞻學報》 28期 (2020/06) Pp. 67-88

https://doi.org/10.6737/JDP.202006_(28).04

摘要

本文嘗試以憲政體制與國家安全會議的關連，探討典型的憲政制度類型對於國家安全決策，尤其從政府制度與行政權力運作兩方面進行比較分析。國家安全會議是台灣地區光復後因應”動員戡亂時期”長期存在的政策決策平台，是總統重要的幕僚機關，在某種意義上作為權力中樞。中華民國因國共內戰失利之後遷移台灣地區，相比典型憲政制度類型，總統權力範圍與國家安全密切相關，如何運用國家安全會議貫徹其政治意志，發揮實質影響力，從西方國家的憲政發展路徑值得參考借鑑。其次，民主政治就是責任政治，也是最實際課與民選部門施政成敗之所在，牽涉國家存在，應從國家安全會議的機關建構加以探索，進而以責任政治的觀點，梳理如何在國家安全決策過程貫徹責任政治。最後，本文旨在倡議憲政改革的必要性，通過讓人民明確執政者的政治判斷與政治責任，進而使國家安全會議取得人民信任並接受監督，達到在憲政民主的認同之下，維繫中華民國憲政秩序的自我保護。

關鍵字

總統 ； 兩岸關係 ； 五權憲法 ； 國家安全局 ； 國防體制 ； 國家安全會議

並列摘要

This paper attempts to use the connection between the constitutional system and the National Security Conference to explore the typical types of constitutional system for national security decision-making, especially for a comparative analysis of the government system and the operation of administrative power. The National Security Conference is a long-standing policy decision-making platform for the Taiwan region in response to the ＂mobilization period＂, and it is an important staff member of the president. In a sense, it serves as a power center. Compared with the typical constitutional system type, the scope of presidential power is closely related to national security. How to use the National Security Council to implement its political will and exert substantive influence from the development path of constitutional government in Western countries It is worth learning. Secondly, democratic politics is the politics of responsibility, and it is also the most practical lesson for the success or failure of the governance of the elected departments. It involves the existence of the state. It should be explored from the organization of the National Security Conference, and then from the point of view of responsibility politics, sort out how to implement responsibility in the process of national security decision political. Finally, this article aims to advocate the necessity of constitutional reform, by making the people clear the political judgment and political responsibilities of the ruling party, so that the National Security Conference can gain the trust and supervision of the people, to achieve the constitutional democracy and maintain the Republic of China Self-protection of constitutional order.

並列關鍵字

President ； cross-strait relations ； five-power constitution ； National Security Agency ； national defense system ； national security conference

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