美國印太戰略與中國南海政策發展：兼論區域軍事安全分析

二次世界大戰以來，全球每個國家的事務，幾乎都有美國的身影介入影響。美國在全球各地均設有駐外軍事司令部，且在經歷過與蘇聯的冷戰，及中東世界的反恐戰爭之後，已強烈引發國內民眾反戰聲浪及造成貧富差距兩極化的各種抗爭；美國本身除了希望能透過亞太地區充滿潛力及活力的經濟能量，來積極振興其經濟狀況外，面對區域內的大國崛起，更使得美國強烈感受到世界霸權的地位已受到威脅，於是歐巴馬總統當時立即推動「亞太再平衡」政策，期能透過政治、經濟、外交及軍事等相關綜合手段，來維護美國的國家利益。美國總統川普就任後即退出「跨太平洋貿易夥伴協議」、及「中程核飛彈條約」，並開始在全球各地區要求盟友必須提高分攤駐外美軍基地的軍費，其一反常態的跡象已顯示出美國已不再像從前一般，擁有稱霸全球的超強經濟實力。反觀在中共方面，自鄧小平主政開放改革以來，致力於經濟的全面發展，並經過40多年的發展建設，其經濟實力已躍居全球第二大，近年來更是積極建設南海區域的島、礁軍事化，及全力推展「帶路倡議」政策，在此情況下，美國現階段提出印太戰略與亞太諸國相互合作來圍堵中共，是想藉由南海主權爭議尚待解決之際，迫使中共必須在南海策略上實施調整與修正。

關鍵字

印太戰略；帶路倡議；戰略價值

並列摘要

Since the Second World War, the affairs of almost every country in the world have been influenced by the involvement of the United States. The United States has foreign military headquarters all over the world, and after experiencing the Cold War with the Soviet Union and the anti-terrorism war in the Middle East, it has strongly triggered domestic people's anti-war noise and various protests that polarized the gap between the rich and the poor; the United States itself In addition to hoping to actively revitalize its economic situation through the potential and dynamic economic energy of the Asia-Pacific region, facing the rise of major powers in the region, the United States strongly felt that its position as world hegemony was threatened, so President Obama at that time Immediately promote the ＂Asia-Pacific rebalancing＂ policy, hoping to safeguard the national interests of the United States through political, economic, diplomatic and military related comprehensive means. After taking office, US President Trump withdrew from the ＂Trans-Pacific Partnership＂ and ＂INF Treaty＂, and began to demand that allies in various regions of the world must increase the military spending of US military bases stationed abroad. This uncharacteristic sign has shown that the United States has no longer As before, it has the super economic power to dominate the world. On the other hand, the CCP, since Deng Xiaoping's administration of opening and reform, has been committed to the comprehensive development of the economy. After more than 30 years of development and construction, its economic strength has jumped to the second largest in the world. In recent years, it has been actively building islands and islands in the South China Sea. The militarization of reefs and the full implementation of the ＂Belt and Road Initiative＂ policy. Under these circumstances, the United States is proposing an Indo-Pacific strategy and cooperating with Asia-Pacific countries to contain the CCP. The CCP must implement adjustments and revisions in its South China Sea strategy.