朱子學流衍韓國考

The Influence of the Learning of Chu Hsi in Korea

錢穆(CH'IEN Mu)

《新亞學報》 12卷 (1977/08) Pp. 1-69+ap1

並列摘要

China and Korea have had a historical and cultural relationship for over three thousand years. The Fo hsueh (the Buddhist learning) of the T'ang Dynasty and the Neo-Confucianism of the Sung dynasty have exerted an especially profound and enormous influence on the thoughts and beliefs of the Korean people. This article deals with the influence of the learning of Chu Hsi of the Southern Sung dynasty in Korea, based on four noted Korean scholars: LI Fong (李滉) (Tui Chi) (退溪). LI Yi(Lu Ku) (李珥;栗谷), SUNG Shih Le(Yu Yan) (宋時烈 尤庵) and HAN Yuan Chen(Nan T'ang)(韓元震 南塘) beginning from Emperor Ming Hsiao Tsung(Hung Chih) (明孝宗 宏治) to Emperor Ch'ing Sheng Tsu(KANG Hsi) (清聖祖 康熙), for over 150 years altogether (16th-17th century). The four scholars mentioned differed in the study of the learning of Chu Hsi, but all pursued it with penetrating understanding. Compared with the Chinese scholars who studied the learning of Chu Hsi in the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties, they were by no means inferior. When I wrote on the influence of Chu Hsi, I put in this article to prove his influence in Korea. Since Tai Chi, Lu Ku and Yu Yan were instructors of the royal family, their idease were honoured by the court, so the importance of their influence can be seen. When Yu Yan died, the Ming dynasty had already been overthrown for 45 years. Later when the Koreans wrote the chronological history of Yu Yan, they still considered the time as Ming and used the dates of the last Ming Emperor, Chung Ching(崇禎) and looked upon the Ch'ing as their enemy. Therefore one who wants to study the Sino-Korean relationship during the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties must not neglect this aspect. Again for example, in the early part of the Edo (江戶) period in Japan, the ideas of Chu Hsi came into vogue. Their origin was the learning of Tui Chi from Korea. This relates greatly to the opening up of the modern history of Japan. All of this is not in the sphere of discussion in this article, but I give it here for the reference of interested readers.