明朝人的英雄豪傑觀

This article sorts out the sources of the traditional concepts of a hero, paying special attention to all kinds of changes in this concept in the Ming dynasty, and the condition of the intellectual history reflected in these changes and the influence of the concept on some thinkers in the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China period. In essence, the concept of a hero originates from the notion of a true man (dazhangfu 大丈夫)in the Mencius, it is the reflection of the real Confucian spirit of the scholar (shi士) and is related to honesty(cheng誠) in the Doctrine of the Mean (zhongyong 中庸). In the traditional context, however, this ideal marks but a stage in the process of ones ethical accomplishment. The final goal is to become a sage (shengren聖人); hence, the hero is merely a handmaid of the sage. But some Ming thinkers thought that a hero is different from a sage and is also different from an ordinary man (fanren凡人).A hero is not the embodiment of the best virtue such as the sage. He is only one among the living people who have their own thought, life, happiness, anger, grief and joy. It is a reflection of the reasonable self. A hero is also different from the ordinary men. He is the spiritual leader of a particular period of time. The author also contends, however, that in the eyes of the Ming people, such a hero is only a product of the times, not one who could shape the trend of the time. Their concepts of a hero still have much limitation.

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明朝人的英雄豪傑觀

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