道教施食煉度科儀中的懺悔思想：以當代四種廣東與江浙道教科本作為中心考察

The Idea of Repentance in Four Contemporary Daoist Liturgical Texts on the Rituals for Feeding and Sublimating Ghosts

黎志添(Lai Chi Tim)

《中國文化研究所學報》 57期 (2013/07) Pp. 277-297

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.201307_(57).0011

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

施食 ； 煉度 ； 黃籙齋 ； 太極靈寶祭煉科儀 ； 懺悔思想

並列摘要

This paper examines the Daoist concept of repentance based on four contemporary liturgical texts, commonly used in the Guangdong and Zhejiang areas, of rituals for feeding and sublimating ghosts. The four liturgical texts are Xiantian hushi jilian youke 先天斛食濟煉幽科 (Prior Heaven Ritual for Feeding and Refining the Ghosts), Qingxuan jiyao liandu shishi keyi 青玄集要煉度施食科儀 (Qingxuan Ritual for Feeding and Subliming Ghosts), Taiji Lingbao jilian keyi 太極靈寶祭煉科儀 (Ritual for Oblatory Refinement of Taiji Lingbao), and Taishang Quanzhen Penghu liandu jinji fashi keyi 太上 全真蓬壺煉度津濟法食科儀 (Ritual for Distributing Food and Sublimation of Penghu). Sublimation rituals find their roots in the Yellow Register Retreat 黃籙齋 of the Six Dynasties through the Tang period, in which retribution was one of the key concepts in the understanding of transgressions; and with retribution comes the fear of indictment and suffering in hell. Beyond this, rites in which orphan ghosts are summoned to listen to teachings about penitence are found in all four liturgical texts. Penitential litanies of the following structure can also be postulated in the texts: (1) Pronouncing the kulou's 骷髏 (skeleton) lamentations; (2) Setting the orphan ghosts free from worldly attachments; (3) Repentance litany; and (4) Release from indictment. Through structural and textual analysis of the penitential litanies in the four sublimation liturgical texts, the author of this paper argues that salvation of ghosts and lost souls hinges essentially on the ritualization of penitential teachings.

並列關鍵字

rituals for feeding the ghosts ； rituals for refining the ghosts ； Yellow Register Retreat ； Ritual for Oblatory Refinement of Taiji Lingbao ； repentance