海上絲綢之路視域中的日本禪林文化

Japanese Zen Forest Culture from the Perspective of the Maritime Silk Road

海村惟一(Amamura Yuiji)

《禪與人類文明研究》 9期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-27

摘要

日本國家文化政策的遣唐使項目被日本學問神菅原道真（845-903）廢除之後，反而出現了更廣泛更有實效的民間留宋、元、明的高潮。日宋之間的經濟貿易在九州的博多到明州之間形成了一條「海上絲綢之路」。這條海上絲綢之路不僅為日本造就了一大批出色的禪僧，而且還是日本禪僧帶回大量珍貴經典的海上書籍之路。留宋日僧明庵榮西禪師、留宋日僧圓爾辯圓禪師、留明日僧絕海中津禪師就是其中的傑出代表。他們的不懈努力為日本創造了輝煌兩個時代的五山文學，並把從中國帶回的禪宗融化到日本文化裡，極大地深化和優化了日本文化和日本禪宗。本文對他們的功德做一個概略的考察，以此實證「海上絲綢之路」對日本禪宗的產生和發展所起的巨大作用。

關鍵字

海上絲綢之路（海上書籍之路） ； 明庵榮西 ； 圓爾辯圓 ； 絕海中津 ； 五山文學

並列摘要

After the abolition of the Japanese National Cultural Policy for the Tang dynasty by the Japanese scholar Sugawarano Michizane (845-903), the study of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasty rather was rather developed more widely and effective. The economic trade between Japan and the Song dynasty formed a Maritime Silk Road between Hakata, Kyushu and Mingzhou. This road has not only produced a large number of outstanding Zen monks for Japan, but also provided a way for Japanese Zen monks to bring back a lot of precious classic books. The Zen monks studying in the Song dynasty such as Myouan Eisai, the Zen monks studying in the Song dynasty such as Enni Benen, and the Zen monk studying in the Ming dynasty such as Zekkai Tyuuxin, are the outstanding representatives. Their unremitting efforts have created two brilliant eras of Gozan literature for Japan, and melted Zen brought back from China into Japanese culture, greatly deepening and optimizing Japanese culture and Japanese Zen. This article conducts a general survey of their merits with the aim to prove that the Maritime Silk Road has played a huge role in the emergence and development of Japanese Zen.

並列關鍵字

Maritime Silk Road ； Myouan Eisai ； Enni Benen ； Zekkai Tyuuxin ； Gozan