內在超越與完全他者－星雲大師人間佛教思想的特質及其他

Immanent-transcendence and the Concept of All for Others: The Characteristics of Venerable Master Hsing Yun's Humanistic Buddhist Thought

韓國茹(Han Guoru)

《《人間佛教叢書》2016星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究(下)》 2016 (2017/10) Pp. 90-123

摘要

隨著現代化的進一步發展，西方現代化模式將在全球複製的樂觀主義理念破滅，代之而起的是對現代化全球發展的不均衡性、異質性的研究和多元現代性的模式的建構。多元現代性的支持者們又紛紛回到軸心文明尋求資源。星雲大師認為，人間佛教是回歸佛陀的本懷，關懷人間，關懷內在，並在現代性精神的視野下重新闡釋自己的超越性面向，即從佛陀實體化、神化的超越維度轉向現代人自我解脫、自我提升、自我淨化的超越維度；並在此詮釋下，重新建構內在－人間與超越互動的理論實踐模式，即眾生的解脫是在其不斷的自我覺悟與持續的度眾實踐中即此實踐過程而實現的。在此過程中，依據人人都有佛性，遵循佛陀三法印、緣起、因果等教導，自覺自己的本來面目（清淨佛性）保證了隨機度眾具有神聖性而不流於庸俗化、世俗化；而隨機度眾、不捨一切法的修行則是眾生獲得究極解脫的必備且唯一資糧。在論文的最後，筆者表達了對於內在超越作為解脫、超越的唯一模式的隱憂。

關鍵字

軸心文明 ； 多元現代性 ； 內在超越 ； 人間佛教 ； 超越的突破 ； 內在的突破

並列摘要

This paper argues that with the further development of modernization, the optimistic and prevalent theory that modernity emerged in the West, and from thence replicated throughout the world, is incorrect. The differentiation and diversified developments of developing countries have given rise to multiple patterns. Thus, the notion of ＂multiple modernities＂ has arisen in scholarly and general discourse. This paper also argues that scholars who support the theory of multiple modernity must return to the Axial Civilizations to provide it with a solid foundation and reconstitution. This paper's author characterizes the spirit of modernity as the immanent breakthrough, and suggests an understanding of modernity founded on the principles of Axial Civilizations. Venerable Master Hsing Yun has developed a mode of immanent-transcendence. Namely, the immanent-transcendence of Humanistic Buddhism, which suggests that everybody's liberation can and must be achieved through the continual practice of self-awakening and helping others. The author of this paper concludes the logic and legitimacy of the claim that immanent-transcendence is the only way to solve the crisis of modernity and develop Humanistic Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

The Axial Civilization ； multiple modernities ； immanence-transcendence ； Humanistic Buddhism ； transcendental breakthrough ； immanent breakthrough