從中共對南部戰區布局看戰略思維的轉變

The Study of the Transiting PRC's Strategic Thinking by Analyzing the Layout of PLA's Southern Theater Command

盧文豪

《海軍學術雙月刊》 52卷6期 (2018/12) Pp. 33-47

https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.201812_52(6).0003

摘要

一、由於多數來自跨界的威脅，使得中國傳統戰略的思考大多以地面戰爭為主，而陸軍一向為共軍數量最大的軍種，軍區指揮官與總參謀部的重要參謀多為陸軍軍官，也因此共軍建軍備戰大多以陸權思維為核心。二、雖然中共決策高層瞭解海軍實力與國家安全密不可分，但不可諱言的，以往的中共海軍戰略仍然處於大陸軍思維的陰影之下，總參謀部的決策高層多為陸軍將領，負責作戰的軍區司令員也幾乎是陸軍軍官，在貫徹海軍戰略及與軍區發揮陸海統合戰力時，存在著戰略思維與指揮管制上的困難。三、2016年開始實施「五大戰區」的軍事改革，其目的就是要消弭共軍陸上部隊主宰的地位，以強化軍種聯合作戰能力。而南部戰區史無前例任命海軍將領擔任司令員，除了確認海上戰力對於中共國家發展及安全所扮演的關鍵角色，更加凸顯中共將從傳統國土防衛的陸權思維，轉變為強調國土延伸的海權思維。四、面對來自對岸強大軍力威脅的我國而言，中共大量削減的地面部隊，看似直接減少攻臺的能量；但事實上，隨著中共的陸權思維的改變，轉為強調海權的同時，更需要有能將國力往外延伸的海軍戰力，延伸的海軍戰力也須要更有戰力的兵力投射與遠征部隊，調整後的共軍對臺灣的威脅勢必大於過往。

關鍵字

共軍 ； 戰略思維 ； 海權思維 ； 南部戰區 ； 軍事變革

並列摘要

1.China's traditional strategic thinking is mostly based on the land battles due to its cross-border threats. The PLA Army is always the largest service and most of the commanders of the Military Regions and the crucial staff at the General Staff are Army officers. Therefore, land power thinking has been a long-term core value for PLA's development. 2.Although China's policymakers recognize the unbreakable relationship between the national security and the naval power, China's Navy strategy, in the past, still existed in the shadow of the grand Army thinking. The commanders of the Military Regions responsible for operations were all Army Generals. This force structure would be difficult to execute the joint operation and the naval strategy while it focuses on command and control. 3.Beginning in 2016, the aim of the military reform of ＂Theater Command＂ is to diminish the domination of the ground force in order to strengthen PLA's joint operation capability. Moreover, the unprecedented appointment of the Naval admiral as the commander Southern Theater Command demonstrates the importance of maritime power for national security and development as well as further emphasizes the transition of PRC's traditional homeland defense mindset to sea power thinking which focuses on extend state's territory. 4.For R.O.C Armed forces facing cross-strait powerful military, PLA seems to decrease it military capability against Taiwan by cutting its ground force. However, during the transition from land-power thinking to sea-power strategy, PLA will acquire more outreach Naval power capable of force projection and expeditionary ability and further post a bigger threat to Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

PLA ； Strategic thinking ； Sea power thinking ； Southern Theater Command ； Military reform