興民與小說定位：許壽裳遺稿〈中國小說史〉初探

Xing min and the Positioning of Fiction: On Xu Shoushang's Posthumous Work The History of Chinese Fiction

黃英哲(Yingche Huang)

《中國文學學報》 5期 (2014/12) Pp. 77-91

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201412_(5).0005

摘要

許壽裳（1883－1948），字季黻（或季茀），浙江紹興人，畢業於杭州求是書院。1902年9月，以浙江省派遣之公費留學生身分赴日留學，先入弘文學院速成普通科並認識了同鄉的周樹人（即後來的魯迅）而結為好友。1904年3月入東京高等師範學校，專攻「教育、地理、西洋史」，1908年3月畢業，1909年返國之後，除了短期應蔡元培之邀任職於教育部外，幾多致力於教育工作。抗戰期間，許壽裳任教於西安臨時大學（後改名為西北聯合大學），又輾轉至中山大學及私立華西大學任教，本文所討論的〈中國小說史〉即為許壽裳於1939年11月至1941年6月在成都華西大學任教時的小說史講義草稿。許壽裳與魯迅這一代的知識分子們既背負民族、傳統的知識包袱，同時卻也是異文化薰陶下脫胎換骨的「新」知識人。就個人生命史看來，許壽裳的知識系譜是繼承傳統卻也學習新知，養成了獨特的創新思維，由其出身舊式書院並師承章太炎、蔡元培以及日後對經學、文字、聲韻學的研究投入，可知其國學涵養甚深，然而他的國學並非是閉鎖性地縱向繼承，從他撰寫的〈中國小說史〉中可以窺見許壽裳的宏觀視野，他的小說史之特別處是對於海內外小說史出版的掌握，以及對於同時代文人撰寫的小說史新論之蒐羅整理、評論，從中可見其在繼承傳統之際所展現出的時代性。

關鍵字

小說史 ； 五四 ； 興民 ； 異文化

並列摘要

Xu Shoushang (1883-1948), courtesy name Ji Fu, was born in Shaoxing in Zhejiang Province and graduated from the Qiushi Academy in Hangzhou. As a government-sponsored student, he then went to Japan for further study, and was enrolled in the Intensive Regular Program at Kōbun Academy in September 1902, where he first met Zhou Shuren (later known as Lu Xun), his fellow townsman and life-long friend. In March 1904, he entered the Tokyo Advanced Normal School and majored in Education, Geography and Western History, graduating in March 1908, and returning to China in 1909, where he dedicated most of his professional life to teaching, except for a short period when he served in the Ministry of Education at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Xu taught at Xi'an Provisional University (later known as Northwestern Union University) and then at Zhongshan University and the private Huaxi University in Chengdu. The History of Chinese Fiction that I will discuss in my paper was written between November 1939 and June 1941 as a lecture draft for his course The History of Fiction taught at Huaxi. Xu Shoushang and Lu Xun are representative figures from a generation of intellectuals carrying the burden of national and traditional knowledge on the one hand, and yet fundamentally reshaped by contact with foreign cultures on the other. Xu's personal history indicates that his intellectual genealogy was composed of both the traditional and the new, the combination of which enabled him to acquire a unique and renovated perspective. He was educated at an old-fashioned academy, and was instructed by Zhang Taiyan and Cai Yuanpei, and later he conducted profound research on the Chinese classics, and on philology and phonology, which demonstrated his classical erudition. However, for him the classics did not form a closed vertical system; rather, from his work, The History of Chinese Fiction, we can see that he situated his work within a broad range of both published works on the history of fiction in and outside China, as well as unpublished works on the same topic written by his contemporaries. We can, thus, observe in his work a careful negotiation between past and present.

並列關鍵字

the history of fiction ； the May Fourth Movement ； Xing min ； foreign cultures