網路社交媒體中的恐怖主義活動現象之研究

A Study of the Terrorist Activities on Social Media

張凱銘(Chang, Kai-Ming) ； 洪銘德(Hung, Ming-Te)

《展望與探索月刊》 16卷9期 (2018/09) Pp. 43-76

摘要

作為恐怖主義威脅的最新演進型態，網路恐怖主義的影響與危險性已成為國際安全研究的重要議題並深受各界關注。其中，許多恐怖主義組織及其成員近年積極運用推特等新興網路社交媒體的現象尤其值得關注。本文在檢視現今主流網路社交媒體營運型態的基礎上，逐一探討「伊斯蘭國」等恐怖主義組織在相關媒體中宣揚激進宗教理念、募集人員與資金、營造恐怖氛圍及蒐集敏感情資等活動類型，並解釋此類網路科技深獲恐怖主義分子重視的主要原因。文中同時借鑑新聞學領域的「認知取徑媒體研究」觀點，說明恐怖主義組織如何在網路社交媒體中成功吸引廣大用戶的追蹤關注以擴大影響力。此外，本文亦介紹了各國政府、網路企業及一般用戶，近期於此類媒體平臺中嘗試採取的各種反恐怖主義措施，並由人工智慧技術開發與多邊協調合作等角度，評估相關反恐工作的發展前景。

關鍵字

網路社交媒體 ； 網路恐怖主義 ； 認知取徑媒體研究 ； 反恐怖主義

並列摘要

As the latest evolution of terrorism, cyberterrorism has become an important topic in the study of international security and caught public attention. More specifically, the use of social media such as Twitter in recent years by many terrorist organizations and their members should particularly be noticed. Based on reviewing current mainstream social media, this article explores the types of activities such as promoting radical religious ideas, fundraising and recruitment, creating atmosphere of fear, and intelligence collection orchestrated on social media by Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham and other terrorist groups. It explains the main reasons why such internet technologies can attract terrorists. This article refers to the perspective of Cognitive Approaches to Media in journalism to describe how terrorist organizations successfully catch public attention on social media to expand their influences. In addition, this article introduces various anti-terrorist practices on social media adopted by governments, enterprises, and general users. It also evaluates the prospect of counter-terrorism approaches from the angles of artificial intelligence development and multilateral cooperation.

並列關鍵字

Internet Social Media ； Cyberterrorism ； Cognitive Approaches to Media ； Counter-Terrorism