美國「霸權治理」之實踐：以美「中」南海競爭為例

U.S. ＂Hegemonic Governance＂ Practice - the Competition between U.S. and China in the South China Sea

胡敏遠(Hu, Ming-Yuan)

《展望與探索月刊》 18卷1期 (2020/01) Pp. 45-74

摘要

美國為全球最大的軍事與經濟國家，強調在各個海域的自由航行行動。為實踐在南海的自由航行行動，美國要求各國不得實施「過度的海洋主張」。為達成上述目標，美國在的霸權治理作為需俱備兩項要件：各聲索國在南沙群島及附近海域不得過度主張海洋權利；強迫中國大陸遵守國際規則。然而，南海各聲索國為了自身權利，不願完全遵從美國的主張，大陸為了擁有南海的控制權，仍會挑戰美國的規定。美國必須實踐三項要素：有形實力與國際制度結合；美國的主張具備合法性與合理性；注重強制性與非強制性的因素，其在南海「霸權治理」的目標才易實踐。

關鍵字

霸權穩定論 ； 自由航行權 ； 南海 ； 霸權治理 ； 美國

並列摘要

As the world's most powerful military and economic country, the United States places a special emphasis on free navigation in various sea areas and demands no ＂excessive ocean claims＂ from any countries. Two decisive elements are required to achieve this goal: no ＂excessive ocean claims＂ among the South China Sea Claimants in the Spratly Islands & the adjacent waters and forcing China to comply with the international laws. However, unwillingly to make entire concessions to U.S., the South China Sea Claimants are also interested in retaining or acquiring their rights of the exploration and the strategic control of the above-mentioned sea areas. Thus, the conflict between China's eager to take over the control of the South China Sea and U.S. ＂Hegemonic Governance＂ will still cause a continual dispute. This paper is to aim a discussion that U.S. Hegemonic Governance can only be practiced under three critical conditions listed below. First, a tangible strength must be integrated with the international system. Second, Washington's claims must be legal and reasonable. Lastly, ＂Hegemonic Governance＂ must focus on both mandatory and non-mandatory factors.

並列關鍵字

hegemonic stability theory ； South China Sea ； freedom of navigation operations ； hegemonic governance ； U.S.