Against the background of continuous improvement of China's social and economic level, the importance of enterprise's intellectual capital in enterprise financial management is gradually highlighted, and enterprise intellectual capital management becomes an important guarantee for enterprise development, and at the same time becomes the main way for each enterprise to improve its competitive strength. Therefore, in the era of knowledge economy, enterprises should continuously optimize their financial management work and solve the problems faced by financial management work. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the basic situation, deficiencies and optimization methods of financial management of enterprises in the era of knowledge economy, and provides reference opinions for each enterprise. For enterprises, the work of financial management department is crucial and will affect the development of enterprises. In the background of the knowledge economy era, enterprise financial management is the top priority of management, so enterprises should improve the attention to financial management work and take innovation from the idea and management content. Innovation is an important guarantee for the development of enterprises and promotes the sustainable development of enterprises. Therefore, the study deeply analyzes the defects of enterprise financial management in the context of knowledge economy and proposes corresponding improvement solutions.