雞球蟲病及抗球蟲能力之研究回顧

雞感染球蟲會產生厭食及營養吸收不良，使飼料效率變差及體增重降低，對雞場來說，球蟲造成直接及間接成本增加、利潤降低是雞農所最關心的。非遺傳因素例如雞齡、性別及球蟲量等，和疾病之嚴重程度有關。目前控制球蟲的方法有飼料添加抗生素及施打減毒活球蟲株疫苗，但兩者均有缺點。就使用球蟲疫苗而言，台灣目前也尚在評估中，球蟲引起的免疫反應及感染機制相當複雜，疾病抵抗力通常較難測定。在免疫反應上，感染球蟲後會激發抗體產生及活化細胞性免疫反應，細胞性免疫反應在抗病力上扮演一個重要角色；受球蟲入侵產生的氧化反應及氧化壓力等，其相關酵素之作用亦可能影響對球蟲抵抗力及免疫反應，因此與氧化反應及氧化壓力有關酵素之研究，將有助於了解抗球蟲雞隻品系之特性。遺傳及非遺傳因素均可能會影響球蟲病的感染過程，利用遺傳差異選拔具抗球蟲能力品系是最直接的方法。雞在不同環境下面對不同疾病侵襲，基因體學（genomics）研究有助於對不同疾病的遺傳、代謝與疾病抵抗力間之了解，在不久的未來，利用遺傳差異配合管理、防疫、營養及環境控制等措施，結合流行病學的研究，可找出最有效的對策來對抗球蟲。

關鍵字

雞；球蟲；遺傳；免疫

並列摘要

Chickens infected with coccidiosis lead to anorexia and malabsorption. It reduced feed efficiency and body weight gain. For chicken farms, direct and indirect increase of cost and decrease of profit caused by coccidiosis are the most concern of farmers. Non genetic factors such as age, gender and dose will affect the serious level of disease. Currently, the methods to control coccidiosis are antibiotics and attenuated live coccidiosis strain vaccine. Both have its defects. For coccidiosis vaccine, the effects are constrained by the antigenic variation of wild strain. The immune response and infection mechanism induced by coccidiosis are rather complex. The determination of its resistance is difficult. In immunity, birds infected with coccidiosis will provoke antibody production and activate cellular immunity response. Cellular immunity plays an important role on disease resistance. The invasion of coccidiosis produces oxidative reaction and oxidative pressure. The reaction of related enzyme may affect coccidiosis resistance and immune response of chicken. Hence, research on oxidative reaction and oxidative pressure enzymes will be helpful for understanding characteristics of anti-coccidiosis chicken. Both genetic and non-genetic factors might affect the infection process of coccidiosis. Using genetic differences to select anti-coccidiosis chicken is a direct method. Chickens in different environment face different diseases challenge. Genomics researches are helpful in understanding different diseases and its relation to genetics, metabolism and disease resistance. In the near future, using genetic differences to combine with management, vaccine, nutrition, environment control and epidemiology will be able to find the most efficient strategy to fight against coccidiosis.

並列關鍵字

Chicken ； Coccidiosis ； Genetics ； Immune

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