論我國不當勞動行為之民事與行政救濟法理—兼論「裁決委員會」之準司法性

A Study of Legal Basis about the Civil and Administrative Remedies of Unfair Labor Practices in Taiwan, and Quasi-judicial of Administrative Committee

林良榮 ； 林裕杰

《興國財經法律學報》 1期 (2011/05) Pp. 109-149

摘要

不當勞動行為係指，雇主意圖破壞或弱化工會活動所採取的不公平（或不公正）行為。多數民主國家為保護勞工或工會合法權益，而以立法方式建立相關制度或規範。關於不當勞動行為的救濟，在美國是採取行政救濟的方式，而在日本與韓國則是併採民事救濟與行政救濟。我國預計於2011年5月1日實施新工會法、勞資爭議處理法以及團體協約法。新法修正並加強對工會的保護，尤其是新修正的勞資爭議處理法增訂不當勞動行為的行政裁決的相關規範。值得注意的是，由於新制的施行，我國將如同日本一般，就同一事件而面臨民事救濟與行政救濟的認知差異。本文嘗試對於勞資之間屬於私人性質的勞資紛爭提出行政介入的法理基礎，以期得與民事（法院）之救濟加以區分而明確不當勞動行為的行政救濟本質與意義。

關鍵字

不當勞動行為 ； 民事救濟 ； 行政救濟 ； 勞資爭議處理法 ； 行政介入的法理基礎

並列摘要

Unfair labor practices means that employers take unfair or unjustness measures intent to damage or weaken labor unions activities. Most democratic countries establish related system and standard through legislation in order to protect the legal rights of labors and labor unions. With regard to remedy ways of unfair labor practices, it adopts the administrative remedies in the United States, while there are adopting both administrative and civil. Taiwanese government will execute the new labor laws, which include the Labor Union Act, the Collective Bargaining Agreement, and the Settlement of Labor Disputes Act, on May 1, 2011. The new major labor laws have amended and strengthened about protection of labor unions, especially the new Settlement of Labor Disputes Act has revised and augmented related standards about administrative ruling of unfair labor practices. Because of practicing the new laws, it is noteworthy that our country will encounter the same question as Japanese legal practice about difference decisions between administrative remedy and civil remedy of the same event. This essay aims to propose a legal basis about executive power involves in disputes between labors and employers, and expect to distinguish essence and significance between administrative remedy and civil remedy.

並列關鍵字

Unfair Labor Practices ； Civil Remedy ； Administrative Remedy ； Legal Basis About Intervention of Executive ； Settlement of Labor Disputes Act