監察院行使糾彈權,對違法失職公務員課以責任,以整飭官箴、澄清吏治,是國家肅貪體系的重要一環。由於建立廉能政治,是全民共同的期待,在此氛圍下,有效提振監察權,發揮糾彈功能,節制政府官員之貪腐、濫權等不法行為,深具時代意義與使命。 論文從糾彈權的理論與實務進行探討,同時挑選具體個案加以研析,並採質性研究,訪談學者專家,匯集改善糾彈制度的見解與策略。經歸納後發現:糾彈效能與課責「有責性、透明性與回應性」仍有落差;彈劾權行使對象太廣、調查過程欠缺辯護機制;糾舉權之行使第3屆期間每年平均1.7件,日漸式微;糾舉案之處理方式,無明確規定可資依循;監察院行使調查權,缺乏合理強制權;且未訂定知會相關機關協助之聯繫辦法;監察院監察調查處未採「專組」查案方式,無法發揮整體力量協助監察委員調查案件等諸多問題。 針對現行糾彈制度之闕漏,論文提出下列建議:(1)明確規範彈劾權與糾舉權之適用對象,並改進糾彈審查制度;(2)監察院對「高度政治性議題」之調查宜採「例外審查」原則;(3)修正公務員懲戒法及國軍人事法規解決「軍職人員」彈劾懲戒問題,並分平、戰時而為設計:(4)明定政務官「上任審查條款」;(5)建立彈劾辯護制度與糾舉救濟管道;(6)規範審議案件之處理期限,並避免以刑事責任移送審議;(7)糾舉案處理方式應予「明確化」並修法解決「重複審查」問題;(8)監察委員採「交錯任期制」;(9)增設監察調查行政編組,並修正調查人員職稱為「監察官」;(10)修法明定監察調查「強制權」,並結合憲法第97條第2項規定妥適運用。經由以上制度面變革、組織面調整與執行面強化後,期能健全糾彈制度,展現肅貪防腐績效。
The Control Yuan (Ombudsman Organization) of the Republic of China in Taiwan is the anti-corruption and ethics-enforcement mechanism that discipline public employees through censure and impeachment. The study shows that, during 1999-2005, the practice of censure and impeachment has the following weaknesses: lack of defense mechanism for public employees, few processed cases than expected, lack of investigation authority and coercive measures, lack of coordinating mechanism among related governmental bodies, and lack of task force organization in processing cases. The study concludes that the government should improve the system by adopting the following recommendations:(1)should explicitly define public employees that subject to the censure and impeachment measures and improve the reviewing system;(2) should use special principles in handling highly political sensitive issues;(3)should revise and distinguish legal requirements on military personnel in normal time and war time;(4)should prohibit political appointment of disciplined public employees;(5)should establish defense mechanism for public employees; (6) should stipulate maximum duration for cases reviewed;(7)should clearly define the administrative procedures of censure;(8)should use alternating terms system for members of Control Yuan;(9)should add an investigative task force organization; (10)should empower investigation authority to Control Yuan.