政府研發資助對廠商研發績效之影響 －台灣製造業與服務業比較

The Effect of Public Subsidies on Private Innovation Performance－Comparison of Taiwan Manufacturing and Service Industry

黃月盈(Yueh-Ying Huang)

指導教授 ： 林惠玲

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.10115

摘要

在激烈的全球化競爭時代，研發創新是維持產業保有競爭力的重要因素，也是引導經濟發展的主要驅動力，但由於投資研發具有高度風險，故政府的政策措施在企業研發過程中扮演了重要角色。
本研究利用行政院國家科學委員會「台灣地區第二次產業創新活動調查」與行政院主計處「95年工商及服務業普查」的合併資料，以Treatment Effect Model，首先分析受政府資助廠商特質，再進一步分析政府研發資助對國內廠商研發績效的影響，最後比較政府研發資助對製造業與服務業廠商創新績效影響之差異。就實證分析結果可歸納出主要結論如下：
一、大廠及本地廠商受政府資助較多：就製造業而言，廠商規模越大及國內本地商越會向政府申請研發資助，但就服務業廠商而言，規模的影響不顯著，但本地商亦較容易向政府申請研發資助。
二、政府研發資助對廠商研發支出的邊際效果為正，顯示兩者具互補關係：不論製造業或服務業，單就Treatment Effect Model估計政府資助對廠商研發的影響時，顯示兩者具有替代關係，但進一步衡量邊際效果時，政府研發資助對廠商研發具有互補效果。
三、政府資助變數對廠商創新產品營收有正向的影響：不論在製造業及服務業，受政府資助變數對創新產品營收有正向的影響。進一步衡量邊際效果時，製造業有受政府資助的廠商之創新產品營收反而較未受政府資助的廠商低；服務業有受政府資助的廠商較未受政府資助的廠商高，主要係來自間接補助(與政府或非營利機構研發合作)之影響。

關鍵字

政府研發資助 ； 研發創新績效 ； 製造業 ； 服務業 ； Treatment Effect Model

並列摘要

In this highly-globalized environment, research, development, and innovation have become fundamental not only to maintenance of core competencies for industry but also to the economic development. Given the high risks involved in the R&D investment, measures taken by the government have vital impacts on R&D activities carried out by enterprises.
Based on the data generated from the “Taiwan Technological Innovation Survey II” and the “2006 Industry, Commerce and Service Census”, this thesis first analyzes the characteristics of enterprises subsidized by the government under the Treatment Effect Model; further, impacts on performance of R&D activities carried out by the Taiwan enterprises are also elaborated. Lastly, comparison between the impacts arising from the public subsidies on manufacturing and service industries is conducted in the thesis.
Conclusions are summarized as follows:
1.Most of the enterprises granted by the public subsidies are large and local companies: For the manufacturing industry, large and local enterprises intend to apply for the government’s subsidies. In contrast, the effect of enterprise scale under the service industry is unobvious to apply for the public subsidies; nonetheless, local service enterprises are still more inclined to apply for the public subsidies.
2.The marginal effect of public subsidies on private R&D expenditures is positive, which represents a complementary correlation：Irrespective of manufacturing and service industries, the substitute correlation between the public subsidies and the private R&D expenditures is shown under the Treatment Effect Model; however, such correlation is converted complementary in terms of the marginal effect.
3.The impact of public subsidies on private revenues derived from innovative products is positive：Public grants have positive impacts on both manufacturing and service industries. Our further evaluation by way of the marginal effect shows that revenues from innovative products earned by manufacturing enterprises with the public subsidies are less than those without the public subsidies; on the other hand, service enterprises with the public subsidies earn more revenues than those without the public subsidies, which is resulted from the indirect subsidies, i.e. R&D cooperation with government or non-profit organization.

並列關鍵字

R＆D subsidy ； R＆D and Innovative Performance ； manufacturing industry ； service industry ； Treatment Effect Model

參考文獻

9.鄭秀玲,黃國綱,2005,"政府資助的產業創新活動:以工研院科專計畫為例"《人文及社會科學集刊》, 17:3, 459-489。

12.林惠玲、陳正倉(2004),廠商合併行為與其生產力之研究－台灣製造業廠商之驗證，經濟論文32:4(2004),535-571。

17.孫克難 (2002),”台灣產業科技發展中的財政支持,” 財團法人中華經濟研究院。

2.趙鈞浩(2009)，政府資助廠商創新政策之附加性研究－台灣製造業之實證分析，國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。

7.林建憲(2008)，政府研發補助對於研發績效之影響-以工業局輔導案為例，國立臺灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。