經濟衰退對失業率及自殺率的影響：臺灣與特定國家的比較分析

The Impact of Economic Recession on Unemployment Rate and Suicide Rate：A Comparative Review of Taiwan and Certain Countries

陳穎怡(Ying-Yi Chen)

指導教授 ： 鄭守夏

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/公共衛生碩士學位學程/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700393

摘要

自1997年亞洲金融風暴到2008年爆發的全球金融海嘯，影響了許多國家的經濟發展，而這些經濟危機帶給許多國家的衝撃不止是經濟層面的，經濟景氣的循環及優劣，也直接或間接的影響到民眾的生活與健康。而經濟對健康的影響有二派說法，一派認為經濟不良會對健康帶來衝擊，但另一派認為經濟衰退對人群的健康是有益的。本文收集1997年亞洲金融風暴及2008年全球金融海嘯對健康、失業率及自殺率影響之國內外文獻及相關資料，以文獻(文件)分析法期能歸納整理出各國學者對於經濟危機與健康之關係及其影響。結果發現在兩次經濟風暴期間，各國的失業率大都明顯上升，台灣在亞洲金融風暴時期受影響不大，但在全球金融海嘯時期，失業率上升明顯，從3.91%上升到5.85%。在自殺率部分，亞洲金融風暴時期，我國的自殺率雖然較高(我國每十萬人13.0，南韓10.0)，但變化不大，而在全球金融海嘯時期，我國自殺率也是變化不大 (14.7)，但是南韓自殺率明顯攀升(每十萬人19.4 到26.3)。
在經濟不景氣的時期，政府所扮演的角色足以影響民眾的健康，例如泰國和希臘在經濟風暴期間被迫大幅縮減政府衛生預算，反而使得基層公共衛生服務功能萎縮，造成傳染病流行等，值得其他國家借鏡。台灣在兩次經濟危機時，政府衛生預算變化不大，可以維持公衛與醫療體系的正常運作，然而政府預算占國民醫療保健支出比例逐年下滑，值得注意。

關鍵字

亞洲金融風暴 ； 全球金融海嘯 ； 經濟不景氣 ； 經濟危機 ； 經濟衰退 ； 健康 ； 失業率 ； 自殺率 ； 政府預算

並列摘要

Asian financial crisis of 1997 and global financial tsunami of 2008 have been affecting many countries, not only in economic development level, but people’s life quality and health directly and indirectly. According to the literature, there were controversy discussions about the impact of economic crisis on health, some though the recession brought health an inverse affection, others supported that economic turndown was good for people’s health.
We collected reports from domestic and foreign studies about the relationship between economic crisis (Asian financial crisis of 1997 and global financial tsunami of 2008) and health, and tried to figure out the correlation between economic crisis and health、unemployment Rate、suicide Rate. Our study found that during the two economic downturn, most of the countries faced an increase of unemployment rate. The unemployment rate in Taiwan did not increase during the Asian financial crisis, yet it increased dramatically from 3.92% to 5.85% during the global financial tsunami of 2008. In terms of suicide rate, during the Asian financial crisis, the rate was higher in Taiwan compared with South Korea (13.0 vs. 10.0 per 100,000 populations), however the changes were minimal. However, during the global financial tsunami, the suicide rates were stable in Taiwan (14.7 per 100,000 populations) but increased significantly in South Korea from 19.4 to 26.3 per 100,000 populations.
During the economic downturn, government plays a significant role in maintaining population health. For example, Thailand and Greece were forced to cut health budget significantly which shriveled the function of basic public health system and increased the prevalence of infectious diseases. This lesson should be learned for other countries. The health budgets in Taiwan were stable during the two financial downturn, and the public health and medical care system was basically unaffected. However, the share of public fund accounting for the National Health Expenditure is decreasing in Taiwan which deserves further attention.

並列關鍵字

Asian Financial Crisis ； Global Financial Tsunami ； Economic Downturn ； Economic Crisis ； Economic Recession ； Health ； Suicide rate ； Unemployment rate ； Government Budget

參考文獻

何沛娟. (2013). 失業對薪資與健康之影響. (碩士), 臺灣大學.

吳若寧, & 鄭雅文. (2008). Trends in Suicide Mortality in Taiwan, 1959-2006. [台灣自殺死亡率趨勢：1959-2006]. 台灣公共衛生雜誌, 27(2), 110-120. doi:10.6288/tjph2008-27-02-03

林銘泉. (2011). 金融危機對經濟成長影響之研究：以亞洲國家為例. (碩士), 國立臺灣大學.

柏婉貞. (2012). 各國政府健康支出與經濟成長關係之驗證. 東吳經濟商學學報, 77, 1-22.

洪淑芬. (1998). 亞洲金融風暴的省思及對我國的影響. 問題與研究, 37(6).