以現場連續心率監測評估高架作業環境工作負荷

營造業職業災害及傷亡居所有產業之冠，因此營建產業日益注重安全管理，且先進國家越來越重視勞工身心健康與安全，尤其具高風險的特殊危害作業環境應加強勞工管理，避免增加工作負荷，加速疲勞而發生意外。目前除高溫、異常氣壓作業環境外，其他如高架、精密、重體力勞動等環境，尚無勞工生理負荷等相關研究。隨著科技技術發展進步，個人穿戴式生理感測設備日漸普及至各領域，其中運用光體積變化描記圖法（Photoplethysmography，PPG）技術之心率感測手環，已被應用於營建管理。本研究主要以西濱公路懸臂式高架橋工程為主要研究之場域，應用PPG穿戴裝置之無線感測技術，在不影響勞工施工作業行為情形下，監測記錄高架橋梁工程高空作業環境下各類工班勞工的工作負荷心率變化，評估其工作負荷等級，並提出分析工作負荷心率監測最適時間單元級距。研究結果顯示懸臂式高架橋工程場域勞工工作負荷屬中度負荷，勞工日平均心率為98.58±14.35bpm，其中「混凝土澆置」與「施拉預力」工班作業的平均心率為103bpm，且有過半工作時間超過平均心率值，此兩工班體能負荷較高。高架作業環境重度以上工作負荷最大持續時間，「施拉預力」150分鐘、「工作車推進」145分鐘均屬超過2小時以上之作業，建議每工作1小時至少應休息10分鐘，可提供高架作業工時及安全管理準則參考。依本研究分析結果建議探討勞工心率分析工作負荷時，以15分鐘為最適之時間單元級距。此外，本研究未發現氣溫、相對濕度、風速等環境因子與勞工平均心率與最大心率間具有相關性，其主要原因可能是變數數據計算以小時平均值進行分析，時間單元過大，對心率或環境短時間變化之敏感度不足。

關鍵字

特殊危害作業環境；高架作業環境； PPG ；心率；工作負荷

並列摘要

Occupational accidents of construction industry are at the top of all industries, therefore, safety management is more concerned. Especially for high-risk specially hazardous activities, labor management should be improved to avoid accidents caused by increased workload and fatigue. In addition to work under abnormal atmospheric pressure conditions and high temperature, there is no research on labor physiological load in other specially hazardous tasks such as elevated operation. With the development of science and technology, personal wearable physiological sensing devices are getting popular. The heart rate sensing bracelet using PPG has been applied to construction management. This research mainly takes Western Coast Highway as research area, monitoring and recording the heart rate of various types of workers under the condition of not affecting the construction work and the behavior of the workers. The purpose is to evaluate the workload level and propose an optimal time unit interval for analysis workload. The result showed that the workload level of this site was moderate level, and the average heart rate of labor is 98.58±14.35bpm. The average heart rate of the “concrete pouring” and “pre-stressed concrete” activities are 103±15.54bpm, more than half of the working time exceeds the average heart rate, the physical workload are higher. “Pre-stressed concrete” and “operation vehicle propulsion” activities have maximum continuous working time of 150min and 145min, it is recommended to take at least 10min of rest per hour of work. According to the results, the labor heart rate analysis workload of 15min is recommended. In addition, this study has not found the correlation between environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed with labors’ heart rate. The reason may be that the calculation of the variable data is analyzed by hourly.