論公私協力公共建設之公益維護機制

科學技術的進步和生活環境的變化促使人們對國家的要求產生變化，國家任務從維護安全秩序到提供生活中的各種給付服務，無論是在品質上或是數量上，均逐步擴大，同時也成為衡量政府施政的指標之一。在出生率下降和人口老齡化的影響下，國家通過稅收和傳統高權完成任務的方式逐漸受到質疑，從而，國家除了直接進入私人市場執行行政任務的行政機構外，公私部門的PPP（“Public-Private-Patnership”）合作模式亦成為各國推動當代公共建設的手段。就PPP的概念而言，由於定義上的浮動性，導致其就實踐上的範圍可以獲寬或窄，除了公共行政和行政助理的傳統權力之外，當代的PPP類型更可以包括公私合營企業、私部門參與公共建設甚至私部門參與經濟活動的管制，亦可稱為一種PPP。就上開實際存在的PPP活動予以抽象化，大致上係以透過公部門和私部門之間的合作契約關係，作為公私部門之間的橋樑，私部門基於此契約向公眾提供給付，而公部門仍然受制於憲法要求，而向公眾負有憲法上的擔保責任。在國家可以節省開支的情況下，私部門承擔公共任務的給付責任，並透過提供該等支付以獲得其經濟上的收入。理論上，公眾可以獲得更彈性的給付，此即為PPP理論初始欲實現之目標，然而與此同時，它也意味著私部門可能與公部門勾結的缺陷，而壓縮公共利益而傾向私部門的私益。因此，在PPP下，透過國家，提供給付的私人和公眾組成的三面關係中，為了確保公共利益之實現，應有如何的規範，從而在各種公私伙伴關係中，應該有共同的規範要素，即私部門和公眾的利益應該如何調和。雖然PPP在台灣法律體系中，並不限於促進民間參與公共建設法，更包含大眾捷運法等其他法規範，但在實踐中，促進民間參與公共建設法已成為台灣公私協力的主要依據。本論文期待能提出各種公私協力的共通要素，並與日本PFI法進行比較，而能提出一些整理。

關鍵字

國家任務；公私協力； PPP ； PFI

並列摘要

The progress of social science and technology and the changes of the environment have made people's requirements for the nation change. From the maintenance of the security order to the provision of various services in life, the national tasks have gradually expanded in quality and quantity, forming a challenge to the government. Under the impact of declining birthrate and population aging, the way of fulfilling the task by the nation alone through taxation and its administrative power is gradually being questioned. In addition to the administrative agencies directly entering the private market to perform administrative tasks, the PPP model of cooperation between the public and private sectors has become a means for nations to promote public construction on the contemporary. In terms of the concept of PPP, it can include a variety of aspects in practice. In addition to the traditional power of public administration and administrative assistants, the PPP type on the contemporary is more complicated, including public-private joint ventures. The participation of the private sector in public construction and even the assistance of the private sector in economic regulation can be said to be a type of PPP. If these actual PPPs are abstracted, it is roughly through the contractual relationship between the public and private sectors. As a bridge between the company departments, the private sector provides benefits to the general public based on this contract, while the public sector is still subject to In the constitutional requirements, the general people have a constitutional guarantee responsibility. In the case that the state can save money, the private sector obtains income by providing payment. In theory, the people can obtain more flexible and more demand-paying benefits, which is the goal that the PPP system wants to achieve, but At the same time, it also implies the defect that the private sector may collude with the public sector and compress the public interest for the benefit of the private sector. Thus, under the PPP, a three-face relationship consisting of the state, the private individuals and the general people will be formed. In order to ensure the realization of the public interest, the preparation of the legal norms is crucial. In various public-private partnerships, there should be common normative elements, namely, how should the economic interests of the private sector and the general public Although public-private partnerships in Taiwan's legal system do not stop at Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects, in practice, Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects has become the main basis for public-private partnerships in Taiwan. Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects is tested in accordance with the aforementioned common normative elements, and compared with the Japanese PFI law, hoping that some ideas can be put forward.