提升大眾運輸價值之整合策略~以臺北市聯營公車為例

An integrated strategy to increase the value of public transportation~Take Taipei City Bus as an example

常華珍(Hua-Chen Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳達仁

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工業工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101415

摘要

臺北市是一個以公共運輸為主的城市，完善的捷運與公車路網提供綿密便捷的大眾運輸服務，近年來並以綠運輸(包含:捷運、公車、自行車、步行等)達70%為長期努力的目標。從歷年的公車滿意度民意調查顯示，臺北市公車滿意度幾乎皆達九成以上，但是高滿意度及高品質的公車服務並無法帶動運量成長，民眾更在乎的是公車路網複雜及轉乘成本高的課題。
臺北市為讓公車路網更有效率，提出「層級式公車路網」，透過「幹線公車」啟動公車路網改革之路；另推出公共運輸定期票，在一定金額下可無限次搭乘，降低民眾負擔；另透過上、下車刷卡蒐集民眾旅運資料進而規劃更符合需求之公車路線。
幹線公車規劃係建構在民眾乘車電子票證大數據的具體需求上，以行經幹道路廊之既有高運量路線轉型為幹線公車，並視為類捷運比照其與其它市區公車路線享有轉乘優惠，造就了幹線公車對整體公車路網產生層級化的改變，並透過幹線公車專屬識別標幟logo強化識別度。公共運輸定期票係整合捷運、淡海輕軌、雙北市區公車、公共自行車、票證公司，並同步進行跨運具整合及核定優惠票價，透過政府預算補貼及運輸業者回饋機制，讓公共運輸定期票朝永續發展。該二項政策無論就本身系統或外部系統，都做了縝密之整合，其核心價值在利用電子票證大數據規劃符合民眾需求之公車路線和路網優化、降低民眾轉乘成本及降低民眾票價負擔。
本研究以社會整體的角度，對臺北市實施「幹線公車」及「公共運輸定期票」進行一詳細完整之績效評估，分析結果顯示兩項政策對大眾運輸運量皆有顯著提升效果，實證政策推動成果能具體提升大眾運輸價值。從永續發展觀點評析整合策略，本研究成果除可提供交通主管機關持續推動公共運輸相關政策之建議，並可作為未來提升公共運輸之核心價值及整合策略之參考。

關鍵字

層級式公車路網 ； 幹線公車 ； 公共運輸定期票 ； 轉乘優惠 ； 票價負擔 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Taipei City is a public transportation-oriented city with a well-developed MRT and bus network that provides convenient public transportation services. In recent years, Taipei City has set the long-term goal of achieving 70% of green transportation, including MRT, buses, bicycles, walking, etc. According to the public opinion polls on bus satisfaction over the years, the satisfaction rate of buses in Taipei City almost always reaches over 90%. However, high satisfaction and high-quality bus services do not lead to traffic growth, as the public is more concerned about the complexity of the bus network and high transfer costs.
Taipei City proposed a "tiered bus network" to make the bus network more efficient, and started the reform of the bus network through "Metro buses". It also launched public transportation all pass ticket, which allow unlimited rides under a certain amount of money to reduce the burden on the public. In addition, it collects travel information by the swipe of cards on and off the bus to plan bus routes that better meet the public’s needs.
The planning of Metro buses is based on the specific needs of the big data of e-tickets, and the existing high-capacity routes passing through arterial road corridors are transformed into Metro buses. It is also considered as an MRT-like route that offers transfer discounts similar to other urban bus routes, creating a hierarchical change in the overall bus network and enhancing the identification of Metro buses through their unique identification logo. Public transportation all pass ticket integrate MRT, Danhai Light Rail, city buses of greater Taipei, public bicycles, and ticket companies, and simultaneously carries out multi-carrier integration and approves concession tickets. The government's budget subsidies and the feedback mechanism of the transportation companies will help the public transportation pass to develop sustainably. These two policies have been carefully integrated, regarding both their systems and external systems. Their core value is to use the big data of e-ticket to plan bus routes and network optimization that meet the needs of the public as well as reduce transfer costs and the burden of fares on the public.
In this study, a comprehensive evaluation on the performance of implementing "Metro bus" and "public transportation all pass ticket" in Taipei City was conducted from the perspective of the society. The results show that both policies have had a significant impact on public transportation capacity, proving that the policies can specifically improve the value of public transportation. From the perspective of sustainable development to analyze integration strategy, this study can provide suggestions for the transportation authorities to continue to promote public transportation-related policies and serve as a reference to enhance the core value of public transportation and integration strategies in the future.

並列關鍵字

tiered bus network ； Metro bus ； public transportation all pass ticket ； transfer discount ； fare burden ； sustainable development

參考文獻

臺北市政府主計處-臺北市統計年報，擷取日期：109年10月6日，網站：https://dbas.gov.taipei/News.aspx?n=72EB69FFAC3565DF sms=96C0B436A542605B。

臺北市政府工務局-臺北市工務統計資料查詢系統，擷取日期：109年10月6日，網站：http://pwbstat.taipei.gov.tw › dialog › statfile9。

臺北市公共運輸處，「臺北市聯營公車服務品質調查與檢討報告」，民國100年~108年。

首爾市政府，擷取日期：110年6月1日，網站：http://english.seoul.go.kr/。

臺北市公共運輸處，「臺北市聯營公車服務調查報告」，民國105年。