政府採購行為的競爭法管制-以圍標與綁標為中心

為求提升採購效率與功能而令採購品質得到確保，政府採購法針對採購過程中的不同階段均設有相關規範以建立公平、公開之採購程序。有鑑於此，對於政府採購制度目的的達成而言，具有競爭性的招標制度其重要性不言而喻，當屬不可或缺。因此，對於看中招標制度特性而辦理採購的招標機關而言，最大的危機即是來自於圍標與綁標所營造的虛假競爭情境，導致其陷於錯誤而締結契約，這甚至能夠直接否定採購制度本身的存在意義。本文便從此處切入，探討我國目前對於涉及競爭秩序的圍標與綁標的管制模式是否妥適。本文首先說明在現行政府採購法的體系架構下，圍標與綁標之相關法規各該構成要件的實質意涵，並透過實務案例呈現管制運作的實際情形。接下來，本文在先行確立依公平交易委員會見解採購機關是否落入公平交易法之射程範圍後，以與前述相同方法檢視政府採購法施行前由公平交易法處理圍標與綁標的管制模式，並附上政府採購法施行後管致變遷的原因。為嘗試提出最適切的管制模式，本文以日本法作為比較法，在解釋日本管制框架與我國的比較基礎，並說明其管制沿革後，同樣以與分析我國法一致的模式檢視日本法的管制模式。最後本文綜合前述政府採購法與公平交易法的管制實情，分別針對圍標與綁標逐一驗證上開兩部法令在實際法規適用方面究竟有何實質性差異，再參酌日本法管制架構下的實際運作情形以為借鑑，研擬出本文認為合理的管制模式。

關鍵字

政府採購法；公平交易法；圍標；綁標；聯合行為；差別待遇

並列摘要

In order to promote the efficiency and effectiveness of government procurement operation and to ensure the quality of procurement, the Government Procurement Act establishes regulations for different stages of the procurement process to establish a fair and open procurement process. In view of this, a competitive tendering system is indispensable for achieving the objectives of the government procurement system. Therefore, the greatest risk for the entity who is interested in the characteristics of the tendering system is the false competitive situation created by bid rigging and procurement fraud, which leads to the conclusion of contracts by mistake and can even directly negate the existence of the procurement system itself. This thesis examines the appropriateness of the current regulatory model of bid rigging and procurement fraud in relation to competition in Taiwan. This thesis first explains the substantive meaning of the elements of bid rigging and procurement fraud under the current structure of the Government Procurement Act, and presents the actual situation of the regulatory operation through practical cases. Next, after establishing whether the procurement authority falls within the scope of the Fair Trade Act in accordance with the Fair Trade Commission, this thesis examines the regulatory model of bid rigging and procurement fraud under the Fair Trade Act before the implementation of the Government Procurement Act in the same way as before, and the reasons for the change of regulation after the implementation of the Government Procurement Act. In an attempt to propose the most appropriate regulatory model, this thesis uses the Japanese law as comparative law. After explaining the basis of comparison between the Japanese regulatory framework and that of Japan, and explaining its regulatory history, this thesis also examines the regulatory model of the Japanese law in a manner consistent with the analysis of the Japanese law. Finally, this thesis integrates the aforementioned regulatory facts of the Government Procurement Act and the Fair Trade Act, and verifies the substantive differences between the two laws in terms of the actual application of the regulations for bid rigging and procurement fraud respectively, and then draws on the actual operation of the regulatory framework of the Japanese law as a reference to develop what this thesis considers to be a reasonable regulatory model.