臺灣地區漁產品批發市場設置規劃之研究

The Research of Wholesale Fish Markets Development Scheme in Taiwan

李天裕(Tian-Yuh Lee)

指導教授 ： 陳政位

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00966

摘要

為落實現代化之漁產運銷，提升運銷效率，就漁產品批發市場的營運現況加以改進，除了改善市場營運制度之外，市場的區域位置地點分佈在過去時常被探討。漁產品批發市場大多為順應當地產銷的需要而自然形成，導致部分地區的市場過於密集，相互影響營運，彼此牽制業務發展。本研究的主旨在於分析市場區域分佈的最佳化，配合產地與區域的需求下，以運輸距離切入來估算最適運輸成本，探討各地漁產品批發市場最適交易量，作為未來漁產品批發市場裁併、遷移或調整之依據。本篇研究採用九十四年度漁業統計年報中臺灣地區漁產品批發市場之魚貨交易資料並估算各地市場與消費地及產地之距離，運用線型規劃的方法估算出臺灣當地漁產品批發市場之最小運輸成本，分析個別漁產品批發市場最適交易量為何，判斷是否存在地點不適或規模不當的情形。
實證的結果顯示臺北縣、台南縣與高雄縣，縣內的產地魚市場設置過多；位在嘉義市、苗栗市與斗南鎮之消費地魚市場其地理位置較為不佳，所需運輸成本相對較其他縣(市)高。就臺灣整體而言，民國九十四年全年度透過漁產品批發市場的交易量約五十八萬公噸，現階段臺灣地區共有五十處漁產品批發市場，其中產地魚市場有三十五處；消費地魚市場十五處。資料分析的結果，在運輸成本最低的前提下，臺灣地區僅需十八處魚市場，北部地區五處；中部地區四處；南部地區六處；東部地區三處。
長久以來，漁產品批發市場在漁產運銷過程中，一直扮演著重要的角色，對於魚貨產銷之調節，決價功能，漁業的成長皆具有顯著的貢獻。然而隨著客觀環境的改變，漁產品批發市場無不面臨新的問題，為使其在運銷過程中充分發揮功能，可藉由市場的合併，不僅可以降低魚貨運輸成本的效果，同時可以提高產能利用率，增加市場的收入，提升獲利，未來更能提供消費者更佳優質的魚貨產品。

關鍵字

漁產運銷 ； 漁產品 ； 魚市場 ； 魚貨 ； 運輸模型

並列摘要

To modernize the fish product marketing and enhance the competitiveness of the marketing channel, it is important to improve the current fish wholesale market business operation. Not only the market operating system needed to be enhanced, but also the importance of fish market location was widely discussed in the past few years. Most of fish wholesale markets were emerged by the needs of local fish production and distribution. Therefore, some wholesale markets were highly centralized in some regions and it made the scope and field of wholesale business overlap. The purpose of this research was to analyze the optimization of market distribution. By coordinating the local production and demand, this research conducted the variable of transportation distances to estimate the optimal transportation cost. Furthermore, it discussed the optimal transaction of fish wholesale markets for the standard of fish wholesale markets needed to be merged, moved, or adjusted. The fish wholesale markets transaction data of this research came from “2005 Taiwan Fisheries Yearbook” and the distances of each local market to consumption and production area were estimated. By adopting linear programming method, the author estimates minimum transportation costs of local fish wholesale markets in Taiwan. The optimal transaction quantity of each local fish wholesale market was analyzed to determine if the market was in a proper location or business scale.
The results of empirical study showed that there were too many production fish wholesale markets in Taipei County, Tainan County, and Kaohsiung County. The locations of consumption fish wholesale markets in Chiayi City, Miaoli City, and Dounan township were not appropriate. In 2005, total transaction quantities of fish wholesale markets in Taiwan were 580,000 tons. There were 50 fish wholesale markets including 35 production fish wholesale markets and 15 consumption fish wholesale markets in Taiwan. Under the condition of minimum transportation costs, the results showed that only 18 fish wholesale markets were needed in Taiwan including 5 markets in the north region, 4 markets in center region, 6 markets in south region, and 3 markets in east region.
The fish wholesale market played an important role in the fish product marketing such as adjusting the fish production and distribution, price fish product, and enhancing the growth of fishery sector. However, the fish wholesale markets need to solve new problems that coming along with the environment changed in order to promote transactions well. By merging the markets, not only fish product transportation costs can be lowered, but also productive capacity can be enhanced, market incomes can be increased, and more profits can be gained. Furthermore, it can offer a better and quality fish product to consumers in the future.

並列關鍵字

fishing ； fish marketing ； fish wholesale markets ； fish markets ； transportation

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