基於情緒感染在互動藝術裝置之研究

A Study in Interactive Art Installation Based on Emotional Contagion

羅禾淋(He-Lin Luo)

指導教授 ： 洪一平

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/資訊網路與多媒體研究所/博士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201701757

摘要

情緒(Emotion)直接反應著人們當下的心情，透過情感運算科技，可使電腦解讀人們的心情狀態，並產生視覺或聽覺的回饋。在人機互動領域，情感運算(Affective Computing)技術使得電腦可如同真人一般與使用者溝通。網路科技的進步，社群網路在此虛擬世界造成多變性。人們所面對的不只是單一電腦，而是與雲端系統連結的大量使用者。許多情緒傳達的研究，探討人們的情緒對於其他人的影響力。因此，本研究探討「情緒感染(Emotional Contagion)」的理論，其中人們的情緒具有擴散至他人情緒的能力。
情緒感染(Emotional Contagion)是人們在社交互動時，傾向模仿其他人的表情、發聲、姿勢與動作，而此種模仿亦轉變他們原本的情緒。此外，情緒感染的媒介可能是特定的符號、圖像或聲音，例如在社群網站傳送貼圖或按讚的行為。此虛擬世界所帶來的多變性，也是人機互動所需要思考的議題。在本研究中，聚焦在正向情緒，並探討快樂情緒的情緒感染。本研究設計三件互動藝術裝置，包含《靜坐金字塔》、《微笑牆》、《微笑四方》。收集使用者參與裝置互動過程中的情緒狀態，以了解其情緒感染的情況。藉由分析其「感染速度」了解情緒感染的互動裝置對使用者的影響，是否能夠幫助使用者增加其主動參與作品的意願。
本研究所設計的互動藝術裝置，其影響媒介分別為「代理(Agent)」、「影像(Video)」及「視訊(Live Cam)」，透過不同的媒介來實驗情緒感染的可能性。在《靜坐金字塔》中，透過靜坐的方式，讓使用者當下的正面或負面情緒回歸正常。由此作品的實驗結果發現，情緒感染對使用者的情緒造成不同的影響。給予不同情緒刺激時，使用者的情緒感染程度，會隨著使用者已被感染的程度而有所變化。《微笑牆》設計微笑擴散的互動流程，藉由記錄使用者互動過程所產生的微笑次數，了解其微笑的情緒感染。最後，在《微笑四方》，觀察使用者之間即時的情緒感染。藉由計算使用者微笑的次數了解使用者之間的情緒感染狀態，並計算使用者之間產生微笑所需的時間，得到使用者之間的「感染速度」。於互動體驗結束後，透過問卷的方式，了解使用者於互動過程感受到微笑所造成的情緒感染狀態，體驗作品的意願，及使用者之間所感受到關係的距離。因此本研究透過互動裝置設計，以觀察及驗證情緒感染的特性。

關鍵字

情緒感染 ； 互動藝術 ； 人機互動 ； 情感運算 ； 呼吸偵測 ； 微笑偵測 ； 公共顯示裝置

並列摘要

Emotion reflects current mood of people directly. Using technology of affective computing, computer could interpret their moods and provide visual or auditory feedback. In human-computer interaction field, the technology enables computers to communicate with users as a real person. For the improvement of internetwork, social media causes variety in the virtual world. People not only face a single computer, but also connect with a large number of users via cloud system. Some researches in emotion conveyance discover the how human emotion influences the others. Hence, this study focuses on the theory of emotional contagion, in which the emotion of individuals are spread among the others.
Emotional contagion is the phenomenon where people mimic the expressions, vocalizations, postures and movements of others in social activities, and the imitation also changes their original emotions. Emotional contagion can be transmitted by specific symbols, images or sounds, for example sending animation or clicking positive feedback on social websites. That also brings the main issue in human-computer interaction for the variety in internet world. In the work, only positive emotion was considered, and the emotional contagion of happy emotions were discovered. Three interactive art installations were designed: Meditation Pyramid, Smiling Wall and Quartic Smile. The emotion state of users was collected during interaction for understand the phenomenon of emotional contagion. The contagion speed was analyzed for discovering the influences of emotional contagion in the design of interactive devices on users, if the design increases the willingness of users for participating the interaction process actively.
The media of emotional contagion in the three interactive devices are agent, video and live cam, respectively. In Meditation Pyramid, positive or negative emotion state of users were back to normal through meditation. From the experimental results of Meditation Pyramid, emotional contagion causes different influences on the emotion of users. Giving different emotional stimulations, the contagion level of users changes depending on the current emotion state for they have been affected. Smiling Wall was designed for spreading smiles, and the smile emotional contagion was calculated by counting smile count during interaction. Finally, in Quartic Smile, the real-time emotional contagion between users were observed. Emotional contagion state was calculated from smile count, and contagion speed were calculated from the total duration of smiles between users.
A questionnaire was used after the interactive experience for understanding the emotional contagion state of users during the interaction, the willingness of users in participation, and the distance between users. Hence, in the work, the properties of emotional contagion were observed and verified through the design of interactive installations.

並列關鍵字

Emotional contagion ； Interactive art ； Human - computer interaction ； Affective computing ； Breathing detection ； Smile detection ； Public display

參考文獻

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