人際關係中的情緒表現

The Expressions of Emotion in Relationships

張詩音(Shih-Yin Chang)

指導教授 ： 朱瑞玲

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01355

摘要

過去研究指出，關係是影響華人情緒表現的重要因素之一。本研究進行兩個實徵研究，探討台灣大學生對各關係對象之「規範的」與「理想的」情緒表現。研究一以父母、手足、好朋友、老師及認識的人等五種關係，探討個體對各關係對象之「規範的」情緒表現，以揭示台灣大學生的情緒表露規則；並檢驗個人對不同關係對象之情緒表現是否有文化與性格之個別差異。結果顯示，台灣大學生對不同關係對象之情緒表露規則呈現關係的「親近梯度」，即與對象之關係品質愈好，情緒表現應該愈明顯而外放。檢驗個人文化傾向、性格及與對象之關係品質是否影響個人對不同關係對象之情緒表現，結果顯示，關係品質可預測對絕大多數關係對象之情緒表現，但是文化與性格的影響效果相對較小。研究二以正向親和、正向疏離、負向親和及負向疏離四種社會性情緒探討個體對五種關係對象「理想的」情緒表現，結果亦顯示情緒表現隨著關係親疏而愈來愈壓抑。以個人文化傾向、性格及與關係對象之關係品質，預測個體對不同關係對象之理想的情緒表現，結果發現個人對不同關係對象想要表現之情緒，受到個人文化傾向、性格及關係品質之影響，而且影響程度不一：對家人的情緒表現主要受集體主義與互依自我之影響，尤其是親和情緒表現；對好朋友的情緒表現受外向性之影響；對老師及認識的人之情緒表現，主要取決於關係品質的好壞。本研究以過去的文獻與發現來討論研究結果，並於最後提出研究的限制與未來可行之研究方向。

關鍵字

關係 ； 情緒表現 ； 文化 ； 性格 ； 集體主義 ； 互依自我 ； 外向性

並列摘要

Literature shows that relationship is one of the significant factors that influence the expressions of emotion of Chinese. This study conducted two empirical researches to investigate how Taiwanese students express “normative” and “ideal” expressions of emotion in different relationships. Study 1 used five relationships－parent, sibling, close friend, teacher/professor, and acquaintance－to investigate the normative expression of emotion of Taiwanese students, aiming to reveal the display rules of them, and examine if there were cultural and personality differences in expressions of emotion in every relationship. Results show that the association between the expression of emotion and the quality of relationship is a “closeness gradient”, which means the expressions of emotion should be more manifest when expressing them to someone with whom the expresser has a higher quality of relationship. The regression analysis reveals that the quality of relationship could positively predict expressions of emotions in most relationships and the impact of culture and personality is little. Study 2 investigated the “ideal” expressions of positive-engaging, positive-disengaging, negative-engaging, and negative-disengaging emotions in five relationships. Results still show that expressers suppress more expressions of emotion to someone with whom they have lower quality of relationship. Testing the individual difference in expressions of emotion in every relationship, in addition to the positive impact of the quality of relationship, there are cultural and personality differences in expressions of emotion in various relationships: the expressions of emotion to family are positively predicted by collectivism and independent self, especially in engaging emotions; the expressions of emotion to close friends are positively influenced by extraversion; the expressions of emotion to teachers and acquaintances are largely determined by the quality of relationship. This study discussed these findings with literatures and suggested the possible limitations and practicable orientation of researches in the future.

並列關鍵字

relationship ； emotional expressivity ； expressions of emotion ； culture ； personality ； collectivism ； independent self ； extraversion

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