如何兼顧行政機關之效率、效能與保障聯邦公務員之法律權益,一直是兩種不斷衝突之價值需求。尤其要求行政機關效率、效能之壓力日趨嚴重下,如何能確保聯邦公務員不因機關恣意免職而影響其權益,並在此兩種價值間取得衡平乃愈形重要。自1978年文官改革法通過後,這種價值調和的重責大任乃由聯邦功績制保障委員會所加以承擔。 美國聯邦功績制保護委員會組織之建構,奠基於1978年文官改革法,並以獨立、準司法組織之型態,職司聯邦公務員申訴案件之審理,以及維護聯邦功績制度,而聯邦公務員保障之組織與法制,即為功績制度之落實與體現。因此研究聯邦功績制保護委員會,必須先掌握功績制度之內涵與意義,從其法制沿革、組織更迭與職權消長等等角度切入,方能知其梗概與脈絡。本研究主要從法制面與功能面向,探討美國聯邦功績制保護委員會之建構理念、組織設計、功能運作與組織改革等等議題。透過法制面之探討,有助於理解組織設計背後之核心價值與建構理念,亦即功績制度與功績原則之精髓所在;而聯邦功績制保護委員會之職權與功能,即為功績原則之落實,功能面之研究,當能掌握其所發揮之法規範功能。除這些面向之探討外,亦對其組織運作情形、案件審理態度、制度缺失以及改革等議題進行探討與研究,再將研究結果與我國制度加以比較、分析,提供若干建議與省思,以兼顧本土之關懷。
It has been recognized that there are conflicts between the need for federal agencies’ effectiveness and efficiency to the public and the need for preventing federal employees from arbitrary dismissal. As long as the conflicts have sharpened with the eager for effectiveness and efficiency ,it has become a task on how to coordinate these needs. The U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board charged with most of the adjudication and appellate functions formerly exercised by the Civil Service Commission behind the enactment of Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. The U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board is an independent, quasi-judicial agency that adjudicating employee appeals of adverse actions and serves as the guardian of federal merit systems. The board and it’s regulations are organized and enacted to protect and enforcement the merit system and merit principals. It’s essential to comprehend these system and principals before the board by examining the history of acts, the establishment and abolition of organizations, and the legislation of authorities. The thesis examine issues of idea ,design, function, and reform of the board with the views of legalism and functionalism which help to comprehend the meanings and quintessence of merit system, and the ruling functions of board’s regulations. The thesis also issue the exercise, attitudes of adjudicating appeals, and even the defects of the board and compare the findings with the system of the Civil Service Protection and Training Commission in order to provide recommends and proposes.