WTO架構下中國法律服務業之發展與挑戰

Chinese Legal Service Industry’s Development and Challenge under WTO’s Framework

呂佩真(Pei-Chen Lu)

指導教授 ： 陳顯武

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.10432

摘要

法律服務之屬性，根據世界貿易組織法律架構下之服務貿易總協定(GATS)之規定，被劃歸於商業服務下的專業服務(professional sevice)部門，因此，縱使自烏拉圭回合談判以來，法律服務一直是世界各國不輕易妥協讓步的領域，但在全球化、市場機制的浪潮之下，法律服務正一步步邁向更高層次的國際化、自由化。
中國法律服務業因市場廣大，成為國際律師事務所關注的對象。但是中國在2001年底加入WTO後如何面對外國律師業所帶來的巨大衝擊，如何在遵守國際規則的前提下，快速提高中國法律服務業在國際市場中的競爭力，日益成為中國司法界與法學界的研究重心。
本文除了緒論與結論之外，主要分為四大部分，以GATS為分析主軸，再以不同角度切入，深入分析中國法律服務業在這巨大的轉型時期所得到的機遇與該受到的嚴苛挑戰。其中一章專門探討中國法律服務市場(機會)的現況與對外開放的利益分析；另一章則特別研究中國在對外開放、與國際接軌的同時，所暴露出來的重大問題。若不加以改革，則未來中國法律服務業的發展將產生混亂且競爭力低下的局面。故律師事務所的公司化路線、律師收費管理制度等都是這一波改革所必須研究的重點。
本文研究發現，中國法律服務市場巨大，對外應該採取更加開放的策略，使中國經過快速洗禮而真正成為國際法律市場的重鎮；對內則應該盡速改善法律市場的體制，解除混亂不一的狀況。而律師事務所組織型態、收費制度等也要需要更多的思考與變革。未來，不管是哪一個產業，特別是服務業，將走向高度知識化、專業化的競爭，換言之，就是人才的競爭，故在法律服務業方面，外語能力佳並懂得WTO法律規則、國際經濟法規之人將成為炙手可熱的人才！

關鍵字

世界貿易組織 ； 服務貿易總協定 ； 法律服務 ； 律師 ； 專業化

並列摘要

According to the WTO’s regulation, especially the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the legal service’is classified as a kind of professional service which is branch of commercial service. Therefore, since Uruguay round negotiations, the legal service has been the field that all countries are not easily compromised. Under the globalization, the legal service is promoted to be more International and liberal.
After China becomes one member of WTO in 2001, the Chinese legal service industry faces huge competition from the law firms of developed countries. Therefore, it becomes more and more urgent for Chinese judicial and jurisprudential centers to find out the method that promotes competence of Chinese legal service firms in the international legal service markets while
obeying the international regulations.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is mainly divided into four major parts. GATS is the main analysis construction. Under GATS, we analyze Chinese legal service industry by different viewpoints and observe opportunities and threats of Chinese legal service industry during the huge fluctuation period. Chapter four discusses the state play of Chinese legal service market and the benefit of opening the market to the foreign firms. Chapter five studies the problems that are caused by opening the market to the foreign firms. If Chinese government does not resolve these problems, the development of China legal service industry will be chaotic and competence of China legal service will decline in the recent future. Therefore, the establishment of limited liability partnership law firm, and attorneys charge system are both the key points in this
study.
Finally, the results of this thesis are that the Chinese legal service market is huge, so the Chinese government should adopt a more open strategy to enable China to become the center of international legal market. In domestic, the government should improve the legal market system to be more regulated and resolve the chaotic condition as fast as possible. In the future, especially in service industry, the competence trend will become more and more knowledge-based. In other words, the key factor of competition is talent persons. Consequently, people who have well foreign language skills and are familiar with the internationally economic regulations will gain the best opportunity!

並列關鍵字

WTO ； GATS ； legal service ； attorney ； specialization

參考文獻

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Sydney M. Cone, International Trade in legal Services: Regulation of Lawyers and Firms in Global Services, Little Brown and Company, published in the United States,1996

UMCATD, The Outcome of Uruguay Round: An Initial Assessment-Supporting Papers to the Trade and Development Report, Journal of World Trade, Vol.30, No.1,1994