台灣原住民之大學入學加分措施與憲法平等原則之研究－從西方政治理論及美國憲法案例出發

The Study of Affirmative Action Policy for Aboriginal College Applicants in Taiwan and Equal Protection Principle : From the Perspective of Western Political Theories and U.S. Constitutional Cases.

陳如薰(Ru-Syun Chen)

指導教授 ： 李念祖

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02966

摘要

「差別性優惠待遇」為近代美國歷史上為矯正過去實行種族歧視而實行之積極補償性措施，用以改善黑人及少數族裔之社會困境。美國歷來高等教育入學申請實行種族差別性優惠待遇，曾因為機械式地配額制而被聯邦最高法院宣告違憲，此後對於該優惠政策之公平性，亦引發是否違背憲法色盲理論及美國建國以來提倡個人主義精神之討論。
本論文旨在探討以當代平等自由主義之觀點出發，觀察美國近年來幾例涉及憲法平等原則下之重要教育案例，透過自由平等主義、社群主義及多元文化主義等幾位政治哲學家及美國聯邦最高法院大法官就個別案件審理之視角，尋找對少數族裔實行差別性優惠待遇之疑義與成效；而在美國明令禁止機械式配額招生制度後，台灣長期以來大學入學申請方式保障原住民學生之措施，以及近期以通過族語認定考試即額外加分的制度，其中有多處值得祥究。

關鍵字

差別性優惠待遇 ； 平等原則 ； 憲法色盲論 ； 逆向歧視 ； 原住民教育

並列摘要

The so-called “Affirmative Action” is a policy or a program that aimes to provide specific targeted groups preference to ensure an equal and justice society. In order to improve the educational opportunities of the ethnic monority groups, the U.S. government began to implement a series of affirmative action policies involved instituting raced-based preference programs, setting racial quota system, or deciding the percentage to certain members in college admission. Since then, the discussion on affirmative action became an inflammatory public issue more than a half centry. However, the Equal Protection Principle under the Constitution, which requires the U.S. government to accord similar treatment to people and make no reference to race, attempt to found a color-blind society. Within the few years, racial quotas for public colleges were declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, therefore more and more public colleges amend their admission policies to a better way for achieving a greater flexibility and more fairness, although there is inevitable disputation opposing the preference action. In Taiwan, the Constitution requires “equal protection” as well as a guarantee to all citizens; however, raced-based examination insofar has been implemented in college entrance examination every year. The new system regulates that once the aboriginal students pass the “tribal language test” will get 35% bonus point on college exam. Many opponents worry that such policy not only harms other non-aboriginal students’ right, but will even guide to a deep-rooted prejudice against aboriginals.

This article explores the controversial issues and provides a comprehensive examination of its practices and consequences in modern Taiwanese history. By identifying three modern western political theories and reviewing the case development of the Equal Protection, it induces the supporters and opponents on both side of the political spectrum; and finally analizes the potient crisis in nowadays policy.

並列關鍵字

Equal Protection ； Affirmative Action ； Color-blind Constitution ； Reverse Discrimination ； Minority Group

參考文獻

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