顆粒大小對膳食纖維功能性之影響

Effect of particle size on functionality of cellulose

杜昀睿(Yon-Rui Toh)

指導教授 ： 葉安義

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/食品科技研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.10733

摘要

纖維素為地球上存量最多的多醣類。由於它屬於高分子量及高結晶度的材料，同時又具不可溶於水的特性，使其成為自然界中最難降解的聚合物之一。纖維素的生理功效包括：增加糞便體積、作為軟便劑和有助縮短食物經過腸胃道的時間。本實驗目的是利用介質研磨技術，透過機械力量藉由介質將纖維素研磨成微粒子，同時因為改變目標物的結構和物化性質（其中包括密度、比表面積、保水力、膨脹力），進而提升纖維素的生理功效（包括能發酵短鏈脂肪酸、提高與膽酸、醣類及油脂的結合能力）。結果顯示，經過介質研磨後的纖維素，體積平均粒徑明顯的由25 μm下降到0.9 μm，比表面積大幅增加了36.78倍。研磨後纖維素的密度也從1.41 g/mL下降到1.32 g/mL。纖維素顆粒的減小明顯的提升了纖維素的保水力，從原本的3.44 g/g 提升到24.99 g/g。研磨後纖維素的生理特性方面發現其與膽酸、醣類和油脂的結合能力也提升了。此外，粒徑的降低提高了纖維素的發酵能力。將三個糞便樣品與纖維素進行24小時發酵的結果發現，短鏈脂肪酸的產量明顯提高（醋酸鹽：379.38-2880.60 %、丙酸鹽：54.21-2738.52 %、酪酸鹽：60.71-2865.89 %），並且短鏈脂肪酸產量由小而大，以未研磨的纖維素原料＜研磨30分鐘＜60分鐘＜90分鐘的研磨纖維素。由於上述之物化性質改變和功效性的提升，研磨後的纖維素應有助於降低血糖、血脂、預防大腸癌以及維護腸道健康的功效。

關鍵字

纖維素 ； 結合能力 ； 發酵能力 ； 介質研磨

並列摘要

Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate and is a renewable source. Due to its high molecular weight, high crystallinity, and insolubility in water, cellulose is one of the least degradable natural polymers. Cellulose has been found to exhibit health benefits, such as to increase fecal bulk, soften feces, and to reduce intestinal transit time. The objective of this study is the utilization of media milling to improve physicochemical properties (intrinsic bulk density, intrinsic viscosity, water holding capacity, swelling capacity) and physiological properties of cellulose. The results show that media milling significantly reduced the average particle size of cellulose from 25 μm to 0.9 μm while the bulk density of cellulose decreased from 1.41 to 1.32 g/mL. Moreover, the specific surface area of media milled cellulose (MC) increased 36.78 fold as the particle size decreased to 0.9 μm. In addition, the size reduction of MC significantly increased the water holding capacity (24.99 g/g) from 3.44 g/g of raw cellulose. The physiological properties of cellulose on bile acid binding, carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) binding and oil binding capacity were also improved. Furthermore, the size reduction resulted in an increase in fermentability of cellulose. The percentage production increased of short chain fatty acids (acetate (379.38-2880.60%), propionate (54.21-2738.52%), and butyrate (60.71-2865.89%) after fermented 24 h from 3 fecal samples were in the order of C < MC-30 < MC-60 < MC-90. With these improvements, the MC is believed to have potential to lower blood cholesterol, blood sugar, to prevent colon cancer and to maintain colon health.

並列關鍵字

cellulose ； binding capacity ； fermentability ； media milling

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