體素概念下都市綜合體空間生成之研究

隨著現代技術的發展，計算機被運用於各領域並逐步解放人體與人腦的勞作。在建築設計領域中，原有的紙上繪圖已經大部分被計算機繪圖與建模取代。如今，CAAD（Computer-Aided Architectural Design）通過一些計算機輔助建築軟體，如Grasshopper，將計算機輔助建築設計由簡單的人腦控制視覺繪圖的生產本質轉移到對設計本身的探討、實驗與生成。而在本論文，筆者將在建築空間形態的生成上使用參數化設計。而在本論文的設計方法上，主要涉及「體素」概念與建築單元式設計，所謂「體素」指的是三維度空間的組織單元，在建築設計方面，一般用於單元式立體空間的組織上。在結合建築歷史流派結構主義與解構建築等設計理念下，設計分為單元體與結構組織邏輯兩個方面。在本研究中將設計整理不同類別建築空間與構件單元，再考慮其組織生成的邏輯，最終生成設計。在參考文獻的基礎上，展開設計部分，筆者在上述單元式建築邏輯下逐步實驗展開本論文的設計部分，大致上分為幾何探討、體素集合住宅實驗以及體素都市綜合體設計等三大部分。首先，進行體素幾何實驗，在分析基本體素幾何形的點、線、面、體的基礎上，分別進行體素單元內線、面、體之元素設計，進而實驗研究其在組合時的連接關係，進而總結歸納運用於後續的建築生成中。在幾何研究的基礎上，選擇單種建築功能的體素集合住宅進行建築部分的實驗，此外主要選擇了正方體與八棱柱兩種幾何體作為體素基本形，在其中進行建築單元的設計，進而組合成建築整體。然後在其單元與之間組合的經驗上，進行體素都市綜合體的設計，主要涵蓋商業、辦公與居住區的設計，在整體空間形態的設定下，先進行幾個單元的設定後，根據空間逐層生成網格點，然後置入基本幾何單元組合成整體。然後，根據各功能區的特徵，進行所對應建築單元的設計，再根據各區特點將建築單元按照上述的網格點結構設定好數量以及分佈空間特點作分別置入。逐層逐區生成後，組合成為整個體素都市綜合體建築整體。在此基礎上，進行體素建築的主要特點歸納與分析。總之，本論文主要研究CAAD，數位時代「體素」單元式建築設計，混合功能與尺度單元的建築設計以及數理邏輯運用於建築空間組織等多方面，嘗試通過計算機來輔助進行混合多功能的單元式建築設計。

關鍵字

體素；都市綜合體；單元式設計；空間生成與組織

並列摘要

With the modern development of science and technology, computers are widely used in various fields and gradually liberate human from mental and manual labor. In the field of architecture, most of the paper drawings have been replaced by computer drawing and modeling. Nowadays, architectural design software, such as Grasshopper, are commonly used in Computer-Aided Architectural Design(CAAD) to transfer the productive nature from simple brain-controlled visual drawing to the discussion, experimentation and generation towards architectural design. In this paper, the parametric design would be used in the generation process of architectural spatial form. Design method in the research mainly involves the concept of voxel and the design of the architectural unit. Voxel refers to the organizational unit of three-dimensional space, which is generally used for unitization of three-dimensional unit space. Based on the concepts of Structuralism and Deconstructive Architecture, the proposed design is divided into two aspects: unit and organization logic. Different type of units designed for respective space and construction component is carefully created with the consideration of their organization logic to fulfil the design. Based on the literature review, the design is divided into three major parts under the above-mentioned methodology. The three parts are geometric discussion, voxel collective housing experiment and voxel city complex design. Firstly, voxel geometry experiment is conducted based on analyzing the point, line, surface, and volume of the basic voxel geometry to accomplish the design of them respectively, followed by studying the connection when they are combined. After that, the regularity is summarized and used in subsequent architecture form generation. Based on geometric research, a single function of voxel congregate housing is selected to experiment with the architectural part. Besides, the building units are designed in the form of cubes and octagonal prisms which are selected as the basic voxel geometry. Then, based on unit and combination of units, a city complex mainly covers the commercial, office and residential functions is designed. After the general setting of the fundamental space form, several units are firstly pitched and architectural grid points are generated layer by layer according to space. After that, basic geometric units are put into the points to form a whole. Then, according to the characteristics of each functional part, corresponding building units are designed and basic units whose number are determined according to the grid structure and the space characteristics are put into the system. After being organized layer by layer, the whole city complex building is completed. Finally, the main characteristics of voxel building are summarized and analyzed. To sum up, the research mainly studies CAAD, voxel unit architectural design in the digital age, the architectural design of units with mixed functions and scales and application of mathematical logic to architectural spatial organization and the design attempts to use the computer to assistant the building design of mixed and multifunctional units.