中國大陸大數據扶貧政策的機遇與挑戰：以貴州為例

Opportunities and Challenges of Big Data Supporting Poverty Alleviation Policies in China ：The case of China Guizhou Province

張素芬(Su-Fen Chang)

指導教授 ： 郭建中 ； 王國臣

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00307

摘要

論文提要內容：
貧困是人類社會面臨的共同挑戰，消除貧困是全人類的共同理想，大數據+大扶貧是中國貴州脫貧攻堅戰中的重要組成部分。大數據時代催生了中國精準扶貧理念的變革、為扶貧工作提供了新技術並促進了扶貧工作的轉變，改變以往政府從上而下的指標性及分配性扶貧政策，改為依據貧困群眾需求，透過大數據的分析給予適合貧困群眾的幫扶，激發貧困群眾的主動性和參與性，提高扶貧政策施行成效，為精準扶貧工作帶來了新的機遇。
精準扶貧是扶貧理念和方式的重大創新，是中國扶貧開發思想和方式的新發展。運用的大數據是一種資源、結合技術和產業；其為推進精準扶貧、精準脫貧提供了新方式、新途徑。貴州抓住科技創新的機遇，獲得中國國家級的支持規劃貴安新區科技園產業布局。發展大數據產業促進大數據產業深度融合，為貴州帶動經濟發展。該新方式連結中國貴州國家精準扶貧數據庫與公眾服務信息技術分析：識別貧困人口、幫扶幹部選派、安排產業項目、管理扶貧項目和資金。直觀反應貧困人口的分佈情況、致貧原因、幫扶情形、脫貧路徑以及脫貧情況。
本文研究：分析大數據扶貧政策，實地參訪中國貴州運用互聯網和資訊化的功能，了解貴州如何加強精準扶貧領域的大數據應用；如何聚焦特殊貧困群體，透過互聯網農村電商結合產業發展行銷渠道；如何開展網路扶貧東西部協作行動；如何引進教育及培訓資源，激發貧困民眾積極性和主動性；如何結合產業培訓教育等，漸進的幫助貧困人口就業、創業等，進而解決貧戶住的問題，並帶給貧困群眾脫貧致富的希望。

關鍵字

貧困 ； 精準扶貧 ； 大數據 ； 互聯網 ； 扶貧政策

並列摘要

Abstract:
Poverty is a common challenge in human society, elimination of poverty is the common ideal of all mankind. Using big data technology to alleviate poverty problem is an important policy of Chinese government, particulary in the Guizhou Province. The big data era has spawned the transformation of China's precision poverty alleviation concept, provided new technologies for poverty alleviation and promoted the transformation of poverty alleviation, changed the government's guiding and distributive poverty alleviation policy from the top down, and, according to the demand of needy people, gave assistance to the needy people through the application of big data analysis. To arouse the initiative and participation of the poor, and to improve the effectiveness of poverty, the Chinese alleviation policies has brought new opportunities for precision poverty alleviation.
Precision poverty alleviation is a great innovative concept and way of poverty alleviation, and it is the new development of China's poverty alleviation which contained new ideas and methods. The big data used is a resource, a combination of technology and industry, and it provides new ways and means to promote precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty reduction. Guizhou seize the opportunity of scientific and technological innovation, access to China's national support planning of the new High-tech Park industrial layout. The development of big data industry promotes the deep integration of large data industry for Guizhou to drive economic development. This new way links China's Guizhou national precision poverty alleviation database and public service information technology analysis: identify poor people, select capable cadres, arrange industrial projects, manage poverty alleviation projects and funds. Intuitively reflect the distribution of poor people, causes of poverty, aid, poverty path and poverty alleviation.
This study covered: an analysis of big data poverty alleviation policy, a field visit to China's Guizhou province to observe the Internet and information functions in Guizhou province, an understanding of how Guizhou government improve the poverty problem in the way of precision alleviation by applying the big data technology, which colud accurately to focus on special poor groups, through the Internet rural electric dealers combined with industrial development marketing channels. More over, this study also looked at how the Guizhou government introduced education and training resources to arouse the enthusiasm and initiative of the poor people; and how to combine the industrial training education and so on, gradually to help the poor people to be employed, and starting up their entrepreneurship, and so on, and then finally solve the problem of poor households, and bring the poor masses with hope of alleviating poverty.

並列關鍵字

Poverty ； precision poverty alleviation ； big data ； internet ； pro-poor policies

參考文獻

壹、中文部分

官方文件

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