本研究旨在探討在個別諮商情境中,心智化能力的涉入情況,並進一步分析專家諮商心理師與新手諮商心理師在諮商情境中涉入的心智化能力與其差異。透過訪談專家與新手諮商心理師,了解其心智化能力涉入個別諮商情境中的情形、專家與新手諮商心理師的差異、以及如何運用心智化能力技巧介入協助諮商工作發展,將可為未來諮商教育訓練、提升諮商心理師自我能力的參考。本研究採質性研究的深度訪談法,以半結構式的訪談大綱,分別對專家與新手進行訪談。以心智化為本的治療模式的介入原則為主要研究工具,以主題編碼方式分析歸納,本研究研究結果如下: 一、專家較關注會談發展,新手較關注自我表現 二、專家採取關係導向,新手只關注問題表層的解決 三、專家較能即時在會談情境中使用心智化能力,新手需經驗累積 四、新手從督導過程學習心智化能力,專家則透過經驗與自我反思 五、心智化能力的應用中,專家較新手準確而迅速,但仍有假設偏誤,並逐步修正假設 六、專家與新手評估會談情境的深度有差異 七、專家在會談情境中的彈性與幽默感優於新手 八、心智化能力是建構諮商心理師專業成長的重點 最後研究者按照研究結果提出限制與建議,以提供諮商實務、訓練、自我成長及未來研究的參考。
The purpose of this study is to explore how mentalize ability involve in counseling situation, and further analyze the differences between expert and novice counselors in counseling situation, their mentalize ability, the differences they use mentalize ability to improve the development of counseling and relationship with client. Through quality research based on in-depth interviewing, this research uses semi-structured as guideline to interview expert and novice counselors. The analyses base-on mentalization-base therapy’s seven principles. Furthermore, we can summarize to provide advice to counseling education, counselors training, self-efficiency improve. The research result consists of eight points: 1.Experts focus on counseling development, novice counselors focus on performance. 2.Experts focus on relationship, novice counselors focus on problem solving. 3.Experts use mentalize ability in counseling situation immediately, novice counselors need more experiences. 4.Novice counselors learn mentalize ability through supervisor, Experts learning through experience and introspection. 5.Experts are more accurate in counseling situation and adjust their intervention and strategy in counseling situation. 6.There are differences between experts and novice counselors of awareness the depth of client’s problem. 7.Experts are more flexible and humor in counseling situation. 8.Mentalization ability is important to counselors’ profession improve. The research finally provide suggestion based on the results, which assist expert and novice counselors training or learning and guild to further research.