公務人員貪污犯罪行為成因、特徵及犯罪模式之研究

為了瞭解公務人員貪污犯罪行為之成因、特徵及犯罪模式，本論文將研究問題分成三大部分，第一部分欲探討學術及我國實證研究上，對於公務人員貪污犯罪行為成因、特徵及犯罪模式之情形，而本研究亦主要以該部分文獻回顧後之資料作為本研究之框架；第二部分，則係探討我國司法實務上對於公務人員涉犯貪污治罪條例並且被判為有罪之情形，從判決書中分析公務人員貪污犯罪行為時之成因、特徵等；第三部分，則係訪談司法人員、政風人員等人員，藉以瞭解實務上偵辦、調查公務人員貪污案件承辦者，對於公務人員貪污犯罪行為之基本認知，以及瞭解實務上偵辦及調查貪瀆案件之困難處；依此，本研究發現：公務員貪污犯罪行為成因：（1）個人因素中以恥感因素成因面向及道德價值觀念成因面向為最大宗，其中恥感因素成因，以公務員於承辦採購案件時，受到民眾或廠商之利誘，藉以影響採購結果為最多；道德價值觀念成因，以公務員因承辦案件或得以利用其他職務影響案件發展，而主動要求索賄為最多。（2）結構因素中，以職務類型因素為最多，其中又以公務人員擔任行政領域之主管或承辦人員之職務類型占最大宗。（3）機會因素為 4 大成因中最易影響公務人員貪污犯罪之因素，其中業務內容面向，以承辦採購案業務為最大宗；人際關係交往方面，透過他人轉介紹而認識廠商或民眾之行為最多；相關職權面向上，又以公務員具有相當行政裁量權限最多；標的物方面，則是因公務員從案件中獲悉流程上之漏洞或是因熟悉業務內容作業程序，認為具有影響結果之能力，進而涉犯貪污犯罪行為之情形為最多。（4）控制因素方面，監督機制因素以公務人員因易於獲悉同事之業務內容，而將有利廠商或民眾進行非法行為之資訊洩漏情形最多；內部作業程序因素則係以公務人員承辦案件時，多以書面審查之方式進行，因而得以虛偽製作不實文件，影響案件結果之情狀為多。公務員貪污犯罪行為之主要特徵，包括隱密性、高犯罪黑數、擴張性、高損害性、白領階級犯罪、特有的犯罪行為及狡猾性等7種；公務員貪污犯罪模式，則係可以劃分為裁罰權、採購權、追訴權及綜管單位業務決定權，以前揭 4 種權限來劃分之公務人員，具有依相當之犯罪模式。

關鍵字

公務員；貪污犯罪；貪污成因；貪污特徵；貪污犯罪模式

並列摘要

In order to understand the causes, characteristics, and criminal patterns of civil servants’ corruption behavior, this thesis divides the research into three parts. The first part is to explore the academic research and empirical situation in Taiwan. And rest of the research also mainly uses the data after the review of this part of the literature as the framework. 　　The second part is to explore the situation in Taiwan’s judicial practice for civil servants who are involved in corruption and convicted of crimes, from the verdict to analyze such as causes and characteristics of civil servants’ corruption behavior. The third part is interviews with judicial personnel and Government Ethics Official personnel, in order to understand the undertakers’ basic knowledge of the survey and investigation of civil servants’ corruption cases in practice, and understanding of the practical difficulties in investigating and surveying corruption cases. Based on this, this study found: 　　The causes of civil servants’ corruption crimes: (1) Among the personal factors, the cause of shame and the cause of moral values are the largest. Among them, the cause of shame is that civil servants are lured by the public or manufacturers when they undertake procurement cases. Influencing the procurement results is the most; the moral value is the cause of the civil servants who actively ask for bribes because they undertake cases or use other positions to influence the development of cases. (2) Among the structural factors, the type of job is the most common factor, and the type of job that a civil servant is in charge of the administrative field accounts for the most. (3) Opportunity factors are among the four major factors that are most likely to affect public servants’ corruption and crimes. Among them, the business content is oriented, with the largest case of undertaking procurement cases; in terms of interpersonal relations, the behavior of getting to know the manufacturer or the public through referrals by others At most; related powers are oriented upward, and civil servants have the most administrative discretionary powers; in terms of subject matter, it is because civil servants have learned about loopholes in the process from the case or because they are familiar with the business content and operating procedures, and believe that they have the ability to affect the results, and then The most cases are involved in corruption crimes. (4) In terms of control factors, the supervision mechanism is the most common factor for public servants to learn about the business content of their colleagues, which will benefit the manufacturers or the public to carry out illegal activities; the internal operating procedures are the most common when the civil servants undertake cases. It is conducted in the form of written review, so it is possible to produce false documents falsely, and there are many circumstances that affect the outcome of the case. 　　The main characteristics of civil servants’ corruption crimes include seven types of concealment, high crime black count, expansion, high damage, white-collar crime, peculiar criminal behavior and cunningness; the pattern of civil servants’ corruption crimes can be divided into The power of adjudication, procurement, prosecution, and decision-making power of the integrated management unit’s business. The four types of powers were previously revealed for public servants, and they have corresponding crime patterns.