高等學術機構衍生企業之知識內涵及其對商業化績效及創業活動之影響

近年來學術研究機構研發成果商品化的重要性逐漸受到重視，歐洲、美國等其他先進國家也漸漸重視產學合作。台灣亦非常重視這方面的發展，因此持續投入「科研成果價值創造計畫(價創2.0)、產業高階人才培訓計畫（RAISE）、博士創新之星計畫（LEAP）、產業創新人才海外培訓計畫 (X Talent )」之法人執行單位、產業界、學術界等研發補助，以加速產業升級與價值創造。學術研究機構的主要任務在技術研發與知識擴散，對於技術商業化與衍生創業活動的操作細節並不了解，也沒有完整通盤考量過程中的諸多關鍵成功因素，因而導致高等學術機構進行技術商業化與衍生創業的成效不如預期。由於創業過程牽涉的活動相當複雜，而且一般技術創業團隊成員主要為技術背景，缺乏市場相關知識，因此進行創新創業時，面臨到很大的挑戰。本研究從知識管理的觀點出發，並依據研究目的，先進行相關文獻的探討，再提出一個的完整研究架構，包含「知識管理影響因素」與「創業活動」兩大領域。將技術創業過程分為研究開發、技術衍化、商業轉化、新事業四階段，深入探討各階段中，關鍵知識的差異與變化，並以高科技創業十項原則為理論透鏡，並整理規納至三面向的框架，從而對創業衍生企業起到指導性的作用。本研究透過個案研究，得到的結論主要包括：高等學術機構衍生企業的創業過程中，「研究開發期」之主要目標為產品與技術開發以及建立核心技術，其關鍵知識為「技術知識」。「商業轉化期」之主要目標為技術商業化，其關鍵知識為「技術知識」與「市場知識」。「經營維持期」的主要目標為產品上市與營運獲利，關鍵知識為「市場知識」與「管理知識」。產學合作最終是為了實現產業界與學術界之參與式價值創造的過程，透過雙方有效的積極參與相關研究專利的討論，進而開發出更多商業價值的解決方案，本論文研究最後並提出實務上的建議。

關鍵字

高等學術機構；產學合作；衍生企業；創業；創業程序；知識管理；知識類型

並列摘要

In recent years, Importance of the commercialization of university-based research has been valued highly. For example, Europe and the United States have gradually attached importance to "Industry-Academy Cooperation". Taiwan also attached great importance to the development of Industry-Academia Research Collaboration and continues to invest the variety projects such as "Technology Development Program (Value 2.0), High-Level Industrial Professionals Cultivation Program (RAISE), and LEAP, Industrial Innovation Talent Overseas Training Program (X Talent)" to accelerate industrial upgrading and value creation. Furthermore, the main tasks of academic research institutions are technology research and development also knowledge expansion. They do not understand the operational details of technology commercialization and spin-off activities, nor do they have a complete and comprehensive consideration of many critical success factors in the process. As a result, the results of technology commercialization and entrepreneurship spin-off in higher academic institutions are not as good as expected. Because the activities in the entrepreneurial process are pretty complicated, and the general technology entrepreneurial team members are mainly in technical backgrounds and lack market knowledge, they face significant challenges while conducting innovation and entrepreneurship. This study starts from the knowledge management perspective and, according to the purpose of the research, discusses the relevant literature first. Then proposes a complete research structure, including the two dimensions of "knowledge management factors" and "entrepreneurship activities". Next, technological entrepreneurship is divided into four stages: research and development, technological derivation, business transformation, and new business. Finally, in-depth discussion of the differences in crucial knowledge in each stage, taking the ten principles of high-tech entrepreneurship as the theoretical lens and organizing the framework into three aspects. Through case studies, the conclusions of this research mainly include the discussion of derivative entrepreneurship in higher research institutions. The main goal of the "Research and Development stage" is product and technology development and the establishment of core technologies, and its vital knowledge is "technical knowledge"; "Business Transformation stage" objective is technology commercialization, its critical knowledge is "technical knowledge" and "market knowledge"; The main objectives of the "Maintenance stage" are product launch and operating profit, and the critical knowledge is "market knowledge" and "management knowledge". "Industry-Academy Cooperation" is ultimately a process of participatory value creation between industry and academia. Through the practical and active participation of both parties in discussing relevant research patents and development with more commercial value, this research will put forward practical suggestions.

並列關鍵字

Higher academic institutions ； Industry-Academia Research Collaboration ； Spin off company ； Entrepreneurship ； Entrepreneurial procedures ； Knowledge management ； Knowledge type

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