納蘭性德追憶詞之研究

納蘭性德（1654-1685）是清初重要詞人之一。雖然他的生命只有短短三十年，但他留下的作品卻感動無數人，成為後世研究清詞不可缺少的重頭戲。至今仍有許多真心人歌詠飲水詞，為其純真癡心的情感掬一把傷心淚；其詞的魅力橫跨古今，不少文學影視作品猶能見到他的翩翩身影。有關性德的研究論述，更是不在少數，早已成為一股「蘭學」風潮。本篇論文將研究重點放在「納蘭性德追憶詞」中，根據性德的家世生平、交游經歷，探討詞作的創作背景及意含。性德身分特殊，身為滿人貴族，又是位高權重的納蘭明珠長子，他獲得比其他人更多的教育機會，卻也承受比常人更大的精神壓力。這層關係影響他的性格發展，也使得其詞多為委婉曲折。因此在進入性德追憶詞之前，勢必得先梳理他的家庭背景和當代詞壇風氣。由於這些都與明末清初的政局替換有關，故筆者從滿清入關前的政治變化開始書寫，觀察整個改朝換代的動盪，是如何影響清詞改革，進而啟發性德的文學創作。根據筆者統計，納蘭性德的追憶詞共有99首，其中牽涉主題甚廣，包括友情、愛情、悼亡等。追憶詞中有對朋友愛人的思念，更是對往事美好的眷戀。他透過對回憶的追思寄託情懷，從中亦可觀察出他對現實生活感到煩悶不適，故而極力地將追憶營造出烏托邦的形象。對性德來說，追憶是他能夠逃離當下的避風港，卻也是使其沉溺其中的輪迴。他的回憶不斷與夢境、幻想交纏，到最後難分難捨，無法確認真實發生過的人生。這對他來說是一場始終無法清醒的幻夢。由於性德作詞講究真情流露，強調以自然純真的口吻表現情思，因此他的作品總能感人肺腑。特別是描繪追憶中，那般真切美好的韶光，和眼前蕭瑟孤寂的落寞，形成強烈的對比，讓人深感其境。又因其才學涵養，及敏感纖細的性格，故也會運用一些典故雅句、物見意象，表達自己隱諱幽微的心聲。性德詞作的藝術手法其實不過是引領讀者進入其心的媒介。當我們終於撥雲見日，望見那最皎潔光輝的白月後，才會知道那是多麼地美麗動人；在其中久久停駐，不忍遠離。

關鍵字

清詞；納蘭性德；追憶詞

並列摘要

Nalanxingde (1654-1685) was one of the important poets in the early Qing Dynasty. Although his life is only 30 years, the works he left behind have touched countless people and become an indispensable highlight for later generations to study clear words. To this day, there are still many sincere people who sing the poems of drinking water, tearing up their innocent and infatuated emotions; the charm of his poems spans ancient and modern times, and he can still be seen in many literary and film works. There are not a few studies on sexual morality, and it has long become a trend of "lanxue". This thesis focuses on the "Nalan Xingde Remembrance Ci", based on Xingde's family background, life and social experience, to explore the background and meaning of the creation of the Ci. Nalanxingde has a special personality. As a Manzu noble and the eldest son of Nalan Pearl, he has more educational opportunities than others, but he is also under greater mental pressure than ordinary people. This relationship affects his personality development and makes his words mostly euphemistic. Therefore, before entering Xingde Remembrance Ci, he must first sort out his family background and contemporary ci poems. Since these are all related to the political changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the author began to write about the political changes before the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the Pass, and observe how the turbulence of the entire dynasty change has affected the Qing Ci reform, and then inspired literary. According to the author's statistics, there are 99 memorial poems by Nalanxingde, which involve a wide range of topics, including friendship, love, and mourning. In the remembrance words, there are thoughts of friends and lovers, and even more beautiful nostalgia for the past. Through his recollection of memories, he is bored and uncomfortable with real life, so he tried his best to create a utopian image of recollection. For Xingde, remembrance is a haven for him to escape from the moment, but it is also the reincarnation in which he can indulge in it. His memories are constantly entangled with dreams and fantasies, and in the end they are inseparable, unable to confirm the real life happening. It was a dream that could not be sobered. Since Xingde's lyrics emphasize true feelings and emphasizing expressing emotions in a natural and innocent tone, his works are always touching. Especially in the depiction of reminiscences, the truly beautiful beauty and the lonely loneliness in front of me form a strong contrast, which makes people deeply feel the situation. And because of his talents and cultivation, as well as his sensitive and delicate personality, he will also use some allusions and elegant sentences and images to express his secretive aspirations. The artistic technique of Xingde Ci is actually just a medium to lead readers into their hearts. When we finally see the sun and see the brightest white moon, we will know how beautiful it is; staying in it for a long time, cannot bear to stay away.