面對歷史：盧梭論普遍意志與立法家

Facing History: Rousseau on the General Will and the Legislator

鄭泰鈞(Cheng Tai-Chun)

指導教授 ： 周家瑜

國立政治大學/社會科學學院/政治學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202100055

摘要

本文試圖通過盧梭為其文本一致性所辯護的「融貫體系」，說明在此之中所隱含的歷史觀，深切地影響其對於普遍意志與立法家的思考。筆者主張，《社會契約論》旨在克服《第二論述》的歷史發展中曾經出現的假契約，而立法家的角色，則是為了引導自我奴役的社會人，得以成為獨立訂立契約的公民，兩部著作的目標均是為了回應人性歷史不可避免的腐化。最後，筆者從盧梭為日內瓦、波蘭與科西嘉書寫的改革意見中，指出其以立法家的角色，基於對歷史的判斷，提供化解特定社會困境的療方。

關鍵字

讓‧雅克‧盧梭 ； 歷史 ； 普遍意志 ； 立法家 ； 社會契約論

並列摘要

This thesis attempts to articulate how Rousseau’s implicit view of history deeply influenced his perspective towards the General Will and the Legislator, through the way he defended the “coherent system” for the consistency of his texts. In this thesis, I contend that the aim of both The Social Contract and The Second Discourse is to resolve the inevitable corruption in the history of human nature. Specifically speaking, the main idea of The Social Contract is to overcome the false contract emerged in history development described in the Second Discourse. In addition, the role of Legislator is to direct the self-enslaved social men to become the citizens who are able to establish Social Contract on their own. Finally, I conclude that in the reforming projects for Geneva, Poland and Corsica, as a legislator, Rousseau provides the remedy for certain social impediment, based on his judgment of history.

並列關鍵字

Jean-Jacques Rousseau ； History ； General Will ； Legislator ； Social Contract

參考文獻

一、 Jean-Jacques Rousseau本人的著作

1979. Emile : or, On education. New York: Basic Books.(Translated by Allan Bloom)

1990. The Collected Writings of Rousseau, Vol. 1. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. (Edited by Roger D. Masters and Christopher Kelly ; Translated by Judith R. Bush, Christopher Kelly, and Roger D. Masters)

1992. The Collected Writings of Rousseau, Vol. 3. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. (Edited by Roger D. Masters and Christopher Kelly ; Translated by Judith R. Bush, Christopher Kelly, Roger D. Masters and Terence Marshall)

1994 The Collected Writings of Rousseau, Vol. 4. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. (Edited by Roger D. Masters and Christopher Kelly ; Translated by Judith R. Bush, Christopher Kelly, Roger D. Masters)