司法通譯人員之理論與實踐— 以刑事訴訟為觀察重點

當代全球化潮流與國際貿易自由化的發展，使得國際移工、外籍配偶與外籍旅客頻繁地入出我國國門，且在商業往來、日常生活與法律行為中，難免發生各種法律爭議，進而必須尋求訴訟或調解途徑，以求救濟自身的權利，然而因外籍人士大多不通曉國語，所以司法通譯在訴訟程序上具有重要性地位。司法通譯之功能不僅係保障訴訟被告的防禦權，更對發現案件事實及個案判決結果具有重大的影響。當前國際間先進國家的司法通譯人員之歷史發展及職責範圍為何？我國司法通譯制度之歷史發展，從日治時期、國民政府時期到現今的演變與遞嬗為何？又關於通譯運作實務，以及通譯制度於涉及原住民、新住民與外籍人士案件時的運用成果如何？而觀察其他國家之立法例，在各國際公約、歐洲聯盟、美國與其他亞洲國家之通譯實務，實行狀況又是如何？另外從我國刑事訴訟法制度的基本精神觀察，關於司法通譯於訴訟體制中之角色定位為何？為了解上述相關重要的司法通譯問題，本篇論文係以立法論與法律政策學之角度，主要探討在現今國際化與全球化的秩序流動，及各國政府與各國民眾間頻繁互動的前提下，若彼此間發生司法爭訟時，時常會因語言障礙而產生「司法通譯服務」之需求，進而討論司法通譯之歷史、類型、外國立法例及我國相關實例，一併進行完整之論述與梳理。

關鍵字

司法通譯；公平審判；程序正義；正當法律程序

並列摘要

The trend of contemporary globalization and the development of international trade liberalization have caused international migrant workers, foreign spouses, and foreign travelers to enter and exit the border of Taiwan freqently. Various legal disputes may inevitably occur in business transactions, daily life, and legal activities. Therefore, it is necessary to seek legal interpreters to protect the rights of themselves. However, most foreigners do not speak Mandarin. Thus, legal interpreters play an important role in litigation procedures. The role of legal interpreters is not only to protect the rights of defendants, but also has a significant impact on the discoveries of the facts and the results of the cases. What is the historical development of the legal interpreter’s system in developed countries around the world? What are the practical practices of legal interpreters in Taiwan today? How do the legislative activities of legal interpreters work and what is the implementation in UN, EU, U.S.A., and other Asian countries? What is the position of legal interpreters in the procedural regime from the aspect of crminal procedure? This thesis is based on the perspectives of legislative theories and legal policies. How the current internationalization and globalization affect governments and people from various countries. In this dissertation would be mainly discussed the need for " legal interpreters’ services" due to language barriers, and then discuss the history, practices, foreign legislative legislation, and related precedents in Taiwan. Final, it conducts a completed discussion all together.