軍人身分證晶片化之決策分析

隨者科技發展至今，晶片卡在生活中已受廣泛應用；我國全民晶片健保卡於2003 年完成換發作業，政府亦將於2020 年10 月起推動換發晶片國民身分證，積極推展電子化服務。美軍自1999 年起即依國會要求換發晶片軍人身分證，將智慧卡科技融入、整合軍事管理作為，國軍軍人身分證假使能順應晶片化「多卡合一」進步趨勢，勢必能增進內、外部單位鏈結與國防事務發展，契合國防施政作為並強化與國際鏈結交流。本研究彙整深度訪談專家意見，以「整合效益」、「可能風險」與「推動成本」為評估構面，運用模糊層級分析法探討國軍相關決策者、使用者，對現行紙本軍人身分證朝向晶片化發展的決策分析，比較個人、群體決策各項權重數值，結合組織文化差異觀點詮釋，求得「證件晶片化」的最大可能行動方案，確認晶片軍人身分證發展決策。晶片軍人身分證的群體決策研究發現，提供國軍未來多卡整合、風險管控、發展方向與政策擘劃之實務展望。相信未來晶片軍人身分證統合發展後，可有效啟迪思維、強化內部公共管理，並間接提升軍人於社會上的形象地位。值得探討的是，證件晶片化的弊端思慮，並不代表會成為停止進步的組織承諾，除卻證件形式上的轉變，更可深化國軍全體官兵對未來發展的肯定，幫助建立其實務認知與未來願景。本研究建議國軍可結合國家電子化政府政策推動，進行證件晶片化相關規範與配套之政策設計探究；透過完善而嚴謹的政策法制，清楚明定將傳統證件轉換後，如何循序建置、推展，逐步擴大內部應用數位服務範圍，或許更能夠加速政策推行，提升國軍內部驅動公共治理與改善精進政策。

關鍵字

決策分析；軍人身分證；深度訪談；模糊層級分析法

並列摘要

With the development of science and technology nowadays, Integrated Circuit Cards (ICC) become widely used in our lives. Since 2003, National Health Insurance Card had fully reissued operations to chip cards. The government will start to facilitate transferring National Identity Chip Cards in order to promote electronic services actively. The U.S. military had improved paper identity cards to chip eID followed the Congress’ guidance to merge ICC technology and application with military management. If R.O.C. military identity can follow the trend to integrate multiple functions into one card, it will surely enhance the link of units with national defense affairs in all aspects, combine national defense policy, and build up international engagements strengthening with other countries. This research gathers expert opinions from in-depth interviews to adopt and acquire “integrated benefits, possible risks, and transformed costs” as assessed evaluation, using fuzzy AHP to study on two groups as decision makers and pure users in the Ministry of National Defense (MND), then develop decision analysis of transforming to military eID of current paper ID. The comparison will be held with individuals and groups with the same or different types of values, in order to address small, partial difference caused by organization cultures. Then the research acquires all values needed to illustrate the result of most possible course of action, as the possible reference for future potential decision development. The result of group decision making in this study provides possible integration of multiple cards, risk management, developed direction, and future policy planning of the practical prospect. I believe that after military eID integrated development in the future, it will efficiently enlighten thinking, strengthen internal public management, and enhance the status of soldiers in society indirectly. It is worth exploring that disadvantages thinking of eID development will not stop the improving progress of organizational commitment. Eliminating just looking at the changes in the form of ID cards in appearance, it will deepen the acknowledge to the future development and assist establishing practical cognition and vision of the armed forces. The research provides suggestion for the Armed Forces to follow the Electronic Government trend and to draft policies related to military eID development. Only consolidated policy and regulation design assists to facilitate expanding digital service range of inter-organization step-by-step. This could also accelerate the implementation of policies improving public governance in the Armed Force.